Fine particulate matter components and reproductive hormones in female adults: A 15-year longitudinal cohort study

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

International journal of hygiene and environmental health Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI:10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114562

Siyi Chen , Cui Guo , Chunquan Ou , Yiling Zheng , Yufei Liu , Jun Ma , Xingcheng Lu , Bo Huang , Ta-Chien Chan

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Few cohort studies have evaluated the long-term impacts of ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and its components on reproductive hormone levels in female adults.

Methods

We conducted a 15-year retrospective cohort study in Taiwan between 2003 and 2017. The two-year average concentrations of PM_2.5 and its components, including sulfate (

{S O}_{4}^{2 -}

), nitrate (

{N O}_{3}^{-}

), ammonium (

{N H}_{4}^{+}

), organic matter (OM), and black carbon (BC), were assessed at each participant's addresses. Linear mixed models were used to examine the associations of PM_2.5 and its components with reproductive hormones, including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), and prolactin (PRL). Stratified analyses were conducted to identify vulnerable populations.

Results

17,152 female adults were included. Each interquartile range (IQR: 3.545 μg/m³) increase in PM_2.5 was associated with a 0.585 mIU/mL [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.190–0.980] increase in FSH levels. Among the five components of PM_2.5, BC had the strongest positive association [each IQR (0.272 μg/m³) increase was associated with a 0.863 mIU/mL (95% CI: 0.476–1.250) increase in FSH levels], followed by OM,

{S O}_{4}^{2 -}

, and

{N H}_{4}^{+}

. Similar associations were found for LH, with a 0.483 mIU/mL (95% CI: 0.225–0.742) and 0.684 mIU/mL (95% CI: 0.431–0.938) increase in LH levels per IQR increase in PM_2.5 and BC, respectively. The pollutants were marginally associated with decreased E2 levels and increased PRL levels. Non-linear associations between PM_2.5 and its components and the levels of FSH, LH, E2, and PRL were observed. These pollutants were also positively associated with T levels among young adults. Post-menopausal women were more susceptible to the chronic impacts of PM_2.5 and its components.

Conclusion

Our study highlighted the adverse impacts of long-term exposure to PM_2.5 components on hormonal homeostasis, revealing the biological mechanism of air pollution-reproductive health associations in females. Implementing stringent control of air pollution levels can benefit reproductive health in female adults, even in moderately polluted regions.

查看原文本刊更多论文

细颗粒物成分和女性成年生殖激素：一项15年的纵向队列研究

背景：很少有队列研究评估了环境细颗粒物（PM2.5）及其成分对成年女性生殖激素水平的长期影响。方法我们于2003 - 2017年在台湾进行了一项为期15年的回顾性队列研究。PM2.5及其组分的两年平均浓度，包括硫酸盐（SO42−）、硝酸盐（NO3−）、铵（NH4+）、有机物（OM）和黑碳（BC），在每个参与者的地址进行了评估。采用线性混合模型研究PM2.5及其成分与生殖激素的关系，包括促卵泡激素（FSH）、促黄体生成素（LH）、睾酮(T)、雌二醇（E2）和催乳素（PRL）。进行分层分析以确定弱势群体。结果共纳入17152名成年女性。PM2.5每增加四分位数范围（IQR: 3.545 μg/m3）， FSH水平增加0.585 mIU/mL[95%可信区间（CI）： 0.190-0.980]。在PM2.5的5个成分中，BC的正相关最强[每增加一个IQR (0.272 μg/m3)， FSH水平增加0.863 mIU/mL (95% CI: 0.476-1.250)]，其次是OM、SO42−和NH4+。LH也有类似的关联，PM2.5和BC每增加1 IQR， LH水平分别增加0.483 mIU/mL （95% CI: 0.225-0.742）和0.684 mIU/mL （95% CI: 0.431-0.938）。污染物与E2水平降低和PRL水平升高的关系不大。PM2.5及其成分与FSH、LH、E2和PRL水平之间存在非线性关联。这些污染物也与年轻人体内的T水平呈正相关。绝经后妇女更容易受到PM2.5及其成分的慢性影响。结论本研究强调了长期暴露于PM2.5组分对激素稳态的不利影响，揭示了空气污染与女性生殖健康关联的生物学机制。严格控制空气污染水平有利于成年女性的生殖健康，即使在中度污染地区也是如此。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International journal of hygiene and environmental health 医学-传染病学

CiteScore

11.50

自引率

5.00%

发文量

151

审稿时长

22 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health serves as a multidisciplinary forum for original reports on exposure assessment and the reactions to and consequences of human exposure to the biological, chemical, and physical environment. Research reports, short communications, reviews, scientific comments, technical notes, and editorials will be peer-reviewed before acceptance for publication. Priority will be given to articles on epidemiological aspects of environmental toxicology, health risk assessments, susceptible (sub) populations, sanitation and clean water, human biomonitoring, environmental medicine, and public health aspects of exposure-related outcomes.