Harnessing the potential of Chlorella vulgaris in salmon industry wastewater treatment: The role of salinity type in optimizing biorefinery processes

IF 4.6 2区生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI:10.1016/j.algal.2025.103999

Cynthia Urrutia Molina , María Eugenia González Quijón , Erwin Yañez , Claudio R. Navarro , Camilo Rodríguez-Villegas , David Silva

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Abstract

The increasing demand for sustainable wastewater treatment solutions has led to the exploration of microalgae-based systems, which offer dual benefits of pollutant removal and biomass valorization. This study investigates the potential of Chlorella vulgaris cultivated in mixed salmon industry wastewater with varying salinity conditions (synthetic, natural, and industrial sources) for bioremediation and bio-crude oil production. The removal efficiencies for heavy metals reached 64.63 % for Cu in RM treatment, 32.76 % for Zn in RN treatment, and 9.43 % for Pb in YR treatment. Regarding nutrient uptake, YR demonstrated the highest efficiency, removing 75.44 % of N and 16.54 % of PO₄³⁻. These results demonstrate the capability of microalgae to remediate wastewater under different saline conditions. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) analysis revealed significant lipid accumulation. The highest relative mean fluorescence intensity was recorded for the YR treatment (2624 ± 806 AU), followed by RM (1468 ± 2160 AU) and RN (1396 ± 1276 AU), confirming the influence of salinity on lipid biosynthesis. The bio-crude oil yield obtained from HTL of microalgal biomass ranged from 3.15 % to 10.26 % for RN and RM, respectively, showing an effect of the salinity conditions and nutrient availability in the culture medium. These results are indicative of its potential, which could be applicable to food or biofuel products developed in support of a circular bioeconomy in the salmon industry. Future research should focus on refining the process conditions to maximize energy recovery and resource efficiency in large-scale applications.

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由于对可持续废水处理解决方案的需求日益增长，人们开始探索基于微藻的系统，这种系统具有去除污染物和生物质增值的双重优势。本研究调查了在不同盐度条件（合成、天然和工业来源）的混合三文鱼工业废水中培养的小球藻在生物修复和生物原油生产方面的潜力。在 RM 处理中，重金属铜的去除率达到 64.63%；在 RN 处理中，重金属锌的去除率达到 32.76%；在 YR 处理中，重金属铅的去除率达到 9.43%。在养分吸收方面，YR 的效率最高，可去除 75.44 % 的氮和 16.54 % 的 PO₄3-。这些结果证明了微藻在不同盐碱条件下修复废水的能力。激光共聚焦扫描显微镜（CLSM）分析显示，微藻有显著的脂质积累。相对平均荧光强度最高的是 YR 处理（2624 ± 806 AU），其次是 RM（1468 ± 2160 AU）和 RN（1396 ± 1276 AU），这证实了盐度对脂质生物合成的影响。从微藻生物质 HTL 中获得的生物原油产量，RN 和 RM 分别为 3.15 % 至 10.26 %，显示了盐度条件和培养基中营养物质可用性的影响。这些结果表明了其潜力，可用于开发食品或生物燃料产品，以支持鲑鱼产业的循环生物经济。未来的研究应侧重于完善工艺条件，以在大规模应用中最大限度地提高能量回收和资源效率。

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来源期刊

Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY-

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

7.80%

发文量

332

期刊介绍： Algal Research is an international phycology journal covering all areas of emerging technologies in algae biology, biomass production, cultivation, harvesting, extraction, bioproducts, biorefinery, engineering, and econometrics. Algae is defined to include cyanobacteria, microalgae, and protists and symbionts of interest in biotechnology. The journal publishes original research and reviews for the following scope: algal biology, including but not exclusive to: phylogeny, biodiversity, molecular traits, metabolic regulation, and genetic engineering, algal cultivation, e.g. phototrophic systems, heterotrophic systems, and mixotrophic systems, algal harvesting and extraction systems, biotechnology to convert algal biomass and components into biofuels and bioproducts, e.g., nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, animal feed, plastics, etc. algal products and their economic assessment