Helical Poly(quioxaline-2,3-diyl)-Based Poly(carboxylic acid)s as a Chiroptical Chemosensor for Detection and Quantification of Small Enantiomeric Imbalances of Chiral Amines in Water

Abstract

Achiral dynamic helical polymers, poly(quinoxaline-2,3-diyl)s (P1 and P2) bearing achiral carboxylic acid side chains, i.e., carboxymethoxymethyl (in P1) and carboxyethoxymethyl (in P2), with different polymerization degrees were synthesized. They exhibited induced circular dichroism (ICD) in the presence of chiral amines such as 1-phenylethylamine and nicotine, 1,2-amino alcohols such as valinol, leucinol, and prolinol, and the basic amino acid, arginine, in response to the induction of right- or left-handed helical conformation. The efficiency of helix induction depends on the compatibility of the structures of amines and polymers, with no clear structural correlation. The highly sensitive and formulated nature of ICD with the helical polymer-based poly(carboxylic acid)s allowed their use as CD-based sensors to detect and quantify minute imbalances of the enantiomeric excess of chiral molecules. We determined 0.2%–0.6% ee in the commercially available 1-phenylethylamine from three different suppliers, which have the label of “dl” or no indication of enantiopurity using P1 as a chemosensor.