Review: Placental physiology and fetal programming in ruminants under heat stress.

IF 3.1 2区 生物学 Q2 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY
Leticia T Casarotto, Helen N Jones, Pascale Chavatte-Palmer, Geoffrey E Dahl
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Abstract

The placenta plays a crucial role in transferring nutrients and oxygen between the dam and fetus during pregnancy. It is highly influenced by environmental conditions, especially stressors such as heat and nutritional deficiencies, which can significantly impact the fetus's long-term health and development. Cattle, especially dairy cows, commonly experience stress during late gestation, which can lead to changes in behavior and physiology, affecting both subsequent milk production and fetal development. Heat stress is one of the most common stressors experienced by mammals, and recent evidence suggests a role in the programming of the dam and fetus. This review explores different hypotheses of fetal programming, including the Barker Hypothesis, which connects early-life malnutrition to metabolic diseases in adulthood, and the Silver-Spoon Hypothesis, which highlights the long-term benefits of optimal prenatal conditions. Furthermore, we consider heat stress programming as it relates to the concept of developmental origins of health and diseases (DOHaD). The DOHaD hypothesis suggests that epigenetic adaptations occur in fetal DNA as a response to environmental influences. The review also emphasizes the role of the mechanism associated with possible epigenetic effects in the placenta, mediating the effects of maternal stress on the fetus, impacting gene expression, placental structure, and nutrient transfer. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for enhancing dairy cattle management and minimizing the adverse effects of environmental stressors on animal health and productivity.

在怀孕期间,胎盘在母体和胎儿之间传递营养和氧气方面起着至关重要的作用。胎盘受环境条件的影响很大,尤其是高温和营养缺乏等应激因素,会对胎儿的长期健康和发育产生重大影响。牛,尤其是奶牛,在妊娠晚期通常会经历应激,从而导致行为和生理变化,影响随后的产奶量和胎儿发育。热应激是哺乳动物最常见的应激源之一,最近的证据表明,热应激在母牛和胎儿的发育过程中起着一定的作用。本综述探讨了有关胎儿编程的不同假说,包括将早年营养不良与成年后代谢性疾病联系起来的巴克假说(Barker Hypothesis)和强调最佳产前条件的长期益处的银勺假说(Silver-Spoon Hypothesis)。此外,我们还考虑了热应激编程与健康和疾病的发育起源(DOHaD)概念的关系。DOHaD假说认为,胎儿DNA的表观遗传适应是对环境影响的反应。综述还强调了与胎盘中可能存在的表观遗传效应相关的机制的作用,它介导母体压力对胎儿的影响,影响基因表达、胎盘结构和营养传递。了解这些机制对于加强奶牛管理、最大限度地减少环境应激因素对动物健康和生产率的不利影响至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Biology of Reproduction
Biology of Reproduction 生物-生殖生物学
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
5.60%
发文量
214
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Biology of Reproduction (BOR) is the official journal of the Society for the Study of Reproduction and publishes original research on a broad range of topics in the field of reproductive biology, as well as reviews on topics of current importance or controversy. BOR is consistently one of the most highly cited journals publishing original research in the field of reproductive biology.
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