Phenological sensitivity of Bromus tectorum genotypes depends on current and source environments

IF 4.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY
Ecology Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI:10.1002/ecy.70025
Megan L. Vahsen, Toby M. Maxwell, Dana M. Blumenthal, Diana Gamba, Matthew J. Germino, Mevin B. Hooten, Jesse R. Lasky, Elizabeth A. Leger, Nikki Pirtel, Lauren M. Porensky, Seth Romero, Justin J. Van Ee, Stella M. Copeland, David J. Ensing, Peter B. Adler
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Plants respond to their environment with both short-term, within-generation trait plasticity, and long-term, between-generation evolutionary changes. However, the relative magnitude of plant responses to short- and long-term changes in the environment remains poorly understood. Shifts in phenological traits can serve as harbingers for responses to environmental change, and both a plant's current and source (i.e., genotype origin) environment can affect plant phenology via plasticity and local adaptation, respectively. To assess the role of current and source environments in explaining variation in flowering phenology of Bromus tectorum, an invasive annual grass, we conducted a replicated common garden experiment using 92 genotypes collected across western North America. Replicates of each genotype were planted in two densities (low = 100 seeds/1 m2, high = 100 seeds/0.04 m2) under two different temperature treatments (low = white gravel; high = black gravel; 2.1°C average difference) in a factorial design, replicated across four common garden locations in Idaho and Wyoming, USA. We tested for the effect of current environment (i.e., density treatment, temperature treatment, and common garden location), source environment (i.e., genotype source climate), and their interaction on each plant's flowering phenology. Flowering timing was strongly influenced by a plant's current environment, with plants that experienced warmer current climates and higher densities flowering earlier than those that experienced cooler current climates and lower densities. Genotypes from hot and dry source climates flowered consistently earlier than those from cool and wet source climates, even after accounting for genotype relatedness, suggesting that this genetically based climate cline is a product of natural selection. We found minimal evidence of interactions between current and source environments or genotype-by-environment interactions. Phenology was more sensitive to variation in the current climate than to variation in source climate. These results indicate that cheatgrass phenology reflects high levels of plasticity as well as rapid local adaptation. Both processes likely contribute to its current success as a biological invader and its capacity to respond to future environmental change.

雀稗基因型的物候敏感性取决于当前环境和源环境
植物对环境的反应既有短期的、代内的性状可塑性,也有长期的、代间的进化变化。然而,植物对短期和长期环境变化的相对响应程度仍然知之甚少。物候性状的变化可以作为植物对环境变化响应的先兆,植物当前环境和源环境(即基因型源)分别通过可塑性和局部适应性影响植物物候。为了评估当前环境和源环境在解释入侵一年生草Bromus tectorum开花物候变化中的作用,我们在北美西部收集了92个基因型进行了重复的普通花园实验。每个基因型重复在2种不同温度处理下以2个密度(低= 100粒/1 m2,高= 100粒/0.04 m2)种植,低=白色砾石;高=黑色砾石;2.1°C(平均差异)的析因设计,在美国爱达荷州和怀俄明州的四个常见花园地点复制。我们测试了当前环境(即密度处理、温度处理和共同花园位置)、源环境(即基因型源气候)及其相互作用对每种植物开花物候的影响。开花时间受到植物当前环境的强烈影响,经历过温暖洋流气候和高密度气候的植物比经历过凉爽洋流气候和低密度气候的植物开花时间早。即使在考虑了基因型相关性之后,来自炎热和干燥气候的基因型始终比来自凉爽和潮湿气候的基因型更早开花,这表明这种基于基因的气候变化是自然选择的产物。我们发现当前和源环境之间或基因型与环境之间相互作用的证据很少。物候学对当期气候的变化比对源区气候的变化更敏感。这些结果表明,骗草物候反映了高水平的可塑性和快速的局部适应。这两个过程可能有助于其目前作为生物入侵者的成功及其应对未来环境变化的能力。
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来源期刊
Ecology
Ecology 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
8.30
自引率
2.10%
发文量
332
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Ecology publishes articles that report on the basic elements of ecological research. Emphasis is placed on concise, clear articles documenting important ecological phenomena. The journal publishes a broad array of research that includes a rapidly expanding envelope of subject matter, techniques, approaches, and concepts: paleoecology through present-day phenomena; evolutionary, population, physiological, community, and ecosystem ecology, as well as biogeochemistry; inclusive of descriptive, comparative, experimental, mathematical, statistical, and interdisciplinary approaches.
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