Jin Il Kwak, Soi Jeong, Lia Kim, Young-Min Hyun, Youn-Joo An
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
It has not been known how immune responses in soil invertebrates occur against microplastics (MPs). This study aims to investigate the effects of MPs on endocytosis, including phagocytosis and pinocytosis, of immune cells of soil invertebrates in the soil ecosystem in the process of bacterial infection. We employed polystyrene microplastics (~ 1 μm PS MPs) to treat earthworm Eisenia andrei during the infection of Escherichia coli for in vitro (1, 5, 10, and 50 mg/L) and in vivo (1, 10, and 1000 mg/kg dry soil) assays. The results of in vitro migration assay revealed that MPs caused inhibitory effects on the phagocytosis, pinocytosis and oxidative stress in coelomocytes. Soil bioassay also confirmed that endocytosis of coelomocytes and mitochondrial damages in the intestinal epithelium were significantly altered in the polluted soil with MPs. Thus, MPs induced adverse effects to inhibit bacterial endocytosis, which may disturb the immune system of soil invertebrates. This study is the first report on the inhibition of phagocytosis in the soil invertebrates by MPs. These findings contribute to understanding the response of soil invertebrates, which play important roles in the soil food web with cellular level towards microplastic pollution in soil.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Hazardous Materials serves as a global platform for promoting cutting-edge research in the field of Environmental Science and Engineering. Our publication features a wide range of articles, including full-length research papers, review articles, and perspectives, with the aim of enhancing our understanding of the dangers and risks associated with various materials concerning public health and the environment. It is important to note that the term "environmental contaminants" refers specifically to substances that pose hazardous effects through contamination, while excluding those that do not have such impacts on the environment or human health. Moreover, we emphasize the distinction between wastes and hazardous materials in order to provide further clarity on the scope of the journal. We have a keen interest in exploring specific compounds and microbial agents that have adverse effects on the environment.