Regulatory role of TEX10 gene in proliferation differentiation and apoptosis of bovine myoblasts

Abstract

Skeletal muscle is a crucial tissue involved in body movement and energy metabolism, and its growth and development directly influence the economic value of livestock. This study investigates the effects of the TEX10 gene on the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of bovine myoblasts, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. Using techniques such as CCK-8, EdU incorporation, qPCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence, we observed that TEX10 significantly promotes the expression of cell cycle factors, including CDK2 and PCNA, thereby increasing cell proliferation and the proportion of cells in the S phase. Overexpression and knockdown experiments demonstrated that TEX10 enhances the differentiation and myotube formation of myoblasts, while upregulating key genes such as MYOG and MYOD. Additionally, flow cytometry analysis of the cell cycle revealed that TEX10 inhibits apoptosis in bovine myoblasts. Transcriptomic analysis showed that TEX10 regulates several signaling pathways associated with proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, including PI3K-Akt, cAMP, and IL-17. Overall, these findings suggest that TEX10 plays a significant regulatory role in bovine muscle growth, providing a theoretical foundation for molecular breeding strategies aimed at improving yellow cattle.