The Role of M6A Modification in Autoimmunity: Emerging Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.

Abstract

N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A), a prevalent and essential RNA modification, serves a key function in driving autoimmune disease pathogenesis. By modulating immune cell development, activation, migration, and polarization, as well as inflammatory pathways, m⁶A is crucial in forming innate defenses and adaptive immunity. This article provides a comprehensive overview of m⁶A modification features and reveals how its dysregulation affects the intensity and persistence of immune responses, disrupts immune tolerance, exacerbates tissue damage, and promotes the development of autoimmunity. Specific examples include its contributions to systemic autoimmune disorders like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as conditions that targeting specific organs like multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes. Furthermore, this review explores the therapeutic promise of target m⁶A-related enzymes ("writers," "erasers," and "readers") and summarizes recent advances in intervention strategies. By focusing on the mechanistic and therapeutic implications of m⁶A modification, this review sheds light on its role as a promising tool for both diagnosis and treatment in autoimmune disorders, laying the foundation for advancements in customized medicine.