Measurement of the three-dimensional shape and size distribution of 17 lunar regolith simulants: Simulant shape and size inter-comparison and simulant shape comparison with Apollo 11 and Apollo 14 lunar regolith
{"title":"Measurement of the three-dimensional shape and size distribution of 17 lunar regolith simulants: Simulant shape and size inter-comparison and simulant shape comparison with Apollo 11 and Apollo 14 lunar regolith","authors":"O.L. Kafka , N.H. Moser , A.N. Chiaramonti , E.J. Garboczi , R.P. Wilkerson , D.L. Rickman","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116542","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lunar regolith simulants are manufactured in order to provide a higher volume, much less expensive and more available source of material, compared to real lunar regolith material, with which to test various instruments and machines designed to operate on the lunar surface. The particle size distribution and mineralogy of these materials is engineered but not the particle shape, although particle shape does play an important role in many engineering applications. Thus, the three-dimensional (3D) shape of these materials has rarely been characterized and never compared to each other and to real lunar regolith material. The focus of this paper is to provide 3D shape and size distribution of 17 different simulants, use this data to compare these materials against each other and provide these data in a NIST database. Over 1.1 M particles are in this database, with their 3D shape stored as STL files. The particle size range considered is roughly 7 μm to 1 mm. With the recent publication of 3D characterizations of lunar regolith material from the Apollo 11 and Apollo 14 missions, these characterizations are also compared to equivalent data for the real lunar regolith material. Both mare and highland simulants are studied using graphical comparisons as well as size and shape figure of merit analysis. This kind of 3D characterization provides the information that new engineering manufacturing techniques will need to enable the engineering of particle shape for new lunar regolith simulants, since the ability to make particle shape measurements relevant to manufacturing and use is a prerequisite for any such engineering. This database can also serve as a source of “digital twins” or “virtual simulants” for modeling studies both of individual particle properties and of packed particle geometry and properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13199,"journal":{"name":"Icarus","volume":"434 ","pages":"Article 116542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Icarus","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103525000892","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Lunar regolith simulants are manufactured in order to provide a higher volume, much less expensive and more available source of material, compared to real lunar regolith material, with which to test various instruments and machines designed to operate on the lunar surface. The particle size distribution and mineralogy of these materials is engineered but not the particle shape, although particle shape does play an important role in many engineering applications. Thus, the three-dimensional (3D) shape of these materials has rarely been characterized and never compared to each other and to real lunar regolith material. The focus of this paper is to provide 3D shape and size distribution of 17 different simulants, use this data to compare these materials against each other and provide these data in a NIST database. Over 1.1 M particles are in this database, with their 3D shape stored as STL files. The particle size range considered is roughly 7 μm to 1 mm. With the recent publication of 3D characterizations of lunar regolith material from the Apollo 11 and Apollo 14 missions, these characterizations are also compared to equivalent data for the real lunar regolith material. Both mare and highland simulants are studied using graphical comparisons as well as size and shape figure of merit analysis. This kind of 3D characterization provides the information that new engineering manufacturing techniques will need to enable the engineering of particle shape for new lunar regolith simulants, since the ability to make particle shape measurements relevant to manufacturing and use is a prerequisite for any such engineering. This database can also serve as a source of “digital twins” or “virtual simulants” for modeling studies both of individual particle properties and of packed particle geometry and properties.
期刊介绍:
Icarus is devoted to the publication of original contributions in the field of Solar System studies. Manuscripts reporting the results of new research - observational, experimental, or theoretical - concerning the astronomy, geology, meteorology, physics, chemistry, biology, and other scientific aspects of our Solar System or extrasolar systems are welcome. The journal generally does not publish papers devoted exclusively to the Sun, the Earth, celestial mechanics, meteoritics, or astrophysics. Icarus does not publish papers that provide "improved" versions of Bode''s law, or other numerical relations, without a sound physical basis. Icarus does not publish meeting announcements or general notices. Reviews, historical papers, and manuscripts describing spacecraft instrumentation may be considered, but only with prior approval of the editor. An entire issue of the journal is occasionally devoted to a single subject, usually arising from a conference on the same topic. The language of publication is English. American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these.