Reticular framework materials-enhanced biomimetic cascade catalysis systems for boosting advanced biosensing

Abstract

Biological cascade catalysis is a common metabolic and signal transduction mechanism in organisms. Owing to their highly efficient catalytic activity and significant signal amplification capabilities, these biological cascade catalysis systems have been widely applied in the field of biosensing. However, natural enzymes used in biological cascade catalysis systems usually suffer from some disadvantages (e.g., complex preparation, high cost, and easy enzyme inactivation under extreme environments), which may limit applications of biological cascade catalysis systems to a certain extent. To address these challenges, significant endeavors have been invested in engineering biomimetic cascade catalytic systems. Reticulated framework materials (RFMs) (e.g., metal-organic framework, covalent organic framework, and hydrogen-bonded organic framework) with highly ordered porous structures have been successfully applied in the design and development of biomimetic cascade catalytic systems due to their numerous merits (e.g., excellent enzyme immobilization ability, large specific surface area, and tunable microporous structure). On this basis, RFMs-enhanced biomimetic cascade catalysis systems obtain high cascade catalytic performances and good stability, which have attained extensive applications in the areas of biosensing due to their good signal amplification ability. In this review, we comprehensively reviewed the latest advancements in design and development of RFMs-based cascade catalytic systems and their advanced applications within the areas of biosensing and portable detection devices. First of all, the design and development of different RFMs-based biomimetic cascade catalysis systems were summarized and the involved mechanisms were also discussed. Then, the advanced applications of RFMs-based biomimetic cascade catalysis systems in the development of biosensing platforms and portable detection devices (such as microfluidic devices and paper-based chips) were summarized, as well as their advantages and disadvantages were also reviewed. Of utmost importance, the future challenges and prospects for advancement in this promising area have been proposed.