MXenes in combination therapy: Chemo-photothermal, chemodynamic, and photothermal/photodynamic therapies for cancer treatment and antibacterial applications

IF 5.9 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

FlatChem Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI:10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100849

Masoomeh Amoozadeh , Atefeh Zarepour , Arezoo Khosravi , Siavash Iravani , Ali Zarrabi

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Abstract

Two-dimensional MXenes and their derivatives have attracted significant attention in recent years for their potential applications in combination therapies, specifically in chemo-photothermal, chemodynamic, and photothermal/photodynamic treatments. MXenes offer distinct advantages in combination therapies due to their exceptional electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, large surface area, tunable surface chemistry, and ability to enhance drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy through multifunctional applications. By incorporating MXenes into combination therapies, researchers have demonstrated enhanced therapeutic efficacy through synergistic mechanisms that improve drug delivery, increase localized heating, and amplify the generation of reactive oxygen species, thereby effectively targeting and eliminating cancer cells or contaminations. However, stability in biological environments remains a primary concern, as degradation can compromise their therapeutic effectiveness and safety. Ensuring biocompatibility is crucial, since the introduction of MXenes and their composites may trigger immune responses or cytotoxicity. Moreover, optimizing the synthesis of high-quality MXenes with uniform properties remains a logistical challenge, affecting reproducibility and scalability for clinical applications. By consolidating existing knowledge and identifying future directions, this review aims to advance MXene-based combination chemo-photothermal, chemodynamic, and photothermal/photodynamic therapies for cancer treatment and antibacterial applications, ultimately paving the way for innovative strategies in biomedicine and personalized medicine.

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来源期刊

FlatChem Multiple-

CiteScore

8.40

自引率

6.50%

发文量

104

审稿时长

26 days

期刊介绍： FlatChem - Chemistry of Flat Materials, a new voice in the community, publishes original and significant, cutting-edge research related to the chemistry of graphene and related 2D & layered materials. The overall aim of the journal is to combine the chemistry and applications of these materials, where the submission of communications, full papers, and concepts should contain chemistry in a materials context, which can be both experimental and/or theoretical. In addition to original research articles, FlatChem also offers reviews, minireviews, highlights and perspectives on the future of this research area with the scientific leaders in fields related to Flat Materials. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following: -Design, synthesis, applications and investigation of graphene, graphene related materials and other 2D & layered materials (for example Silicene, Germanene, Phosphorene, MXenes, Boron nitride, Transition metal dichalcogenides) -Characterization of these materials using all forms of spectroscopy and microscopy techniques -Chemical modification or functionalization and dispersion of these materials, as well as interactions with other materials -Exploring the surface chemistry of these materials for applications in: Sensors or detectors in electrochemical/Lab on a Chip devices, Composite materials, Membranes, Environment technology, Catalysis for energy storage and conversion (for example fuel cells, supercapacitors, batteries, hydrogen storage), Biomedical technology (drug delivery, biosensing, bioimaging)