Bisphenol compounds in female underwear manufactured in China and their potential risks to women's health

IF 12.2 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of Hazardous Materials Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137934

Shumiao Wang, Hongdong Lang, Jiali Cheng, Jiayi Ma, Jiayu Wang, Zhenwu Tang

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Abstract

Currently, there is limited information regarding the presence of chemicals in female underwear and the potential risks involved. This study investigated the levels of ten bisphenols in brassieres and briefs made in China, revealing total concentrations ranging from 13.9 to 52,968 ng/g. Bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol A (BPA) made up a median of 53.2%, 24.4%, and 22.2% of the total concentrations, respectively. The concentrations of bisphenols were significantly higher in darker samples compared to most other colors. When compared to previous reports on other textiles, this study found similar levels of BPA but higher concentrations of BPF and BPS. Furthermore, the median migration rates of BPF (39.1%) and BPS (25.2%) in artificial sweat were significantly greater than that of BPA (6.58%), leading to higher exposure levels for BPF and BPS. The estimated non-carcinogenic risks associated with the three primary bisphenols in the underwear were deemed acceptable. However, the estimated exposure to BPS and BPF from this source represented about 2.53%–12.0% and 11.8%–38.2% of total human exposure, respectively, suggesting that the contamination of these chemicals in underwear is a concern that should not be overlooked.

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来源期刊

Journal of Hazardous Materials 工程技术-工程：环境

CiteScore

25.40

自引率

5.90%

发文量

3059

审稿时长

58 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Hazardous Materials serves as a global platform for promoting cutting-edge research in the field of Environmental Science and Engineering. Our publication features a wide range of articles, including full-length research papers, review articles, and perspectives, with the aim of enhancing our understanding of the dangers and risks associated with various materials concerning public health and the environment. It is important to note that the term "environmental contaminants" refers specifically to substances that pose hazardous effects through contamination, while excluding those that do not have such impacts on the environment or human health. Moreover, we emphasize the distinction between wastes and hazardous materials in order to provide further clarity on the scope of the journal. We have a keen interest in exploring specific compounds and microbial agents that have adverse effects on the environment.