Development of forensic blood substitute: Focusing on luminol reaction functionality.

Sang-Yoon Lee, Yeon-Soo Jo, Hwa-Seon Lim, Ki-Jong Rhee
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Abstract

Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) is essential for reconstructing crime scenes using the shape and distribution of bloodstains. Luminol, which emits blue light in a chemiluminescent reaction with hemoglobin, is commonly used to detect latent blood. Artificial blood substitutes, designed for luminol reactivity or bloodstain pattern reproduction, are widely used in forensic experiments. These artificial blood substitutes, including synthetic and spatter blood, are commercialized with distinct functionalities: luminol reactivity and bloodstain pattern reproduction, respectively. This study introduces a new blood substitute that combines both functionalities. In this study, we verified the luminol reaction functionality of a newly developed forensic blood substitute, which also demonstrates bloodstain pattern reproduction capabilities. Additionally, we assessed its morphological features by analyzing the coordinate characteristics of the area of origin in impact spatter patterns. The visual inspection, without the use of supplementary equipment, revealed that there was no noticeable difference in the luminol fluorescence reaction between the developed blood substitute and the four types of commercial synthetic blood. Furthermore, the developed blood substitute exhibited the smallest standard deviation, confirming it to be the most homogeneous and stable artificial blood substitute. Morphological analysis revealed that the new substitute closely mimics human blood, particularly in z-axis coordinates. These findings establish the substitute as a versatile tool for forensic analysis, enhancing both luminol detection and bloodstain pattern reproduction.

血迹模式分析(BPA)对于利用血迹的形状和分布重建犯罪现场至关重要。发光酚在与血红蛋白发生化学发光反应时会发出蓝光,常用于检测潜血。专为鲁米诺反应或再现血迹图案而设计的人造血液替代品被广泛用于法医实验。这些人造血液替代品(包括合成血液和喷溅血液)已商业化,分别具有不同的功能:发光酚反应性和血迹图案再现。本研究介绍了一种兼具这两种功能的新型血液替代品。在本研究中,我们验证了一种新开发的法医血液替代品的荧光素反应功能,该替代品还能再现血迹图案。此外,我们还通过分析撞击飞溅图案中起源区域的坐标特征来评估其形态特征。在不使用辅助设备的情况下,目测结果显示,所研制的血液替代品与四种商用合成血液的鲁米诺荧光反应没有明显差异。此外,所研制的血液替代品的标准偏差最小,证明它是最均匀、最稳定的人造血液替代品。形态学分析表明,新替代品与人体血液非常相似,尤其是在 Z 轴坐标上。这些研究结果表明,这种替代品是法医分析的一种多功能工具,可提高发光剂检测和血迹图案再现的能力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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