Two TAL effectors of Xanthomonas citri promote pustule formation by directly repressing the expression of GRAS transcription factor in citrus.

IF 8.1 Q1 HORTICULTURE
Yichao Yan, Xiaomei Tang, Zhongfeng Zhu, Ke Yin, Yikun Zhang, Zhengyin Xu, Qiang Xu, Lifang Zou, Gongyou Chen
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Abstract

Citrus bacterial canker (CBC), caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), poses a significant threat to the citrus industry. Xcc employs the transcription activator-like effector (TALE) PthA4 to target the major susceptibility (S) gene CsLOB1 in citrus, promoting host susceptibility to bacterial canker. However, the contribution of other Xcc TALEs, aside from PthA4, to virulence remains underexplored. In this study, we characterized two PthA1 variants, designated PthA5 and PthA6, which facilitate Xcc infection in susceptible citrus species by promoting the formation of hypertrophy and hyperplasia symptoms. Both PthA5 and PthA6 bind directly to effector-binding elements (EBEs) in the promoter of CsGRAS9, suppressing its expression. CsGRAS9 negatively regulates Xcc growth in citrus and contributes to CBC resistance. Notably, natural variations in the EBEs of the FhGRAS9 promoter, a homolog of CsGRAS9 in Hong Kong kumquat, prevent Xcc from affecting FhGRAS9 expression. Using the PTG/Cas9 system, we generated proCsGRAS9-edited sweet orange lines #18-2 and #23, which contain 86-bp and 62-bp deletions in the EBE regions of the CsGRAS9 promoter. These mutant lines showed enhanced CsGRAS9 expression and increased resistance to CBC during Xcc infection. Several GA-related genes and CsTAC1, regulated by CsGRAS9, were also identified. This is the first report that TALEs act as repressors of a resistance gene to confer host susceptibility.

柑橘黄单胞菌的两种TAL效应物通过直接抑制柑橘中GRAS转录因子的表达来促进脓疱的形成。
柑橘细菌性溃疡病(CBC),由柑橘黄单胞菌亚种引起。柑橘(Xcc),对柑橘产业构成重大威胁。Xcc利用转录激活因子样效应物(TALE) PthA4靶向柑橘主要易感基因CsLOB1,促进宿主对细菌性溃疡病的易感性。然而,除了PthA4外,其他Xcc TALEs对毒性的贡献仍未得到充分研究。在这项研究中,我们鉴定了两种PthA1变异,分别命名为PthA5和PthA6,它们通过促进肥厚和增生症状的形成,促进Xcc在易感柑橘物种中的感染。PthA5和PthA6都直接结合到CsGRAS9启动子中的效应结合元件(effer -binding elements, EBEs)上,抑制其表达。CsGRAS9负调控柑橘Xcc的生长,并有助于抗CBC。值得注意的是,FhGRAS9启动子(香港金桔CsGRAS9的同源物)的EBEs的自然变异阻止Xcc影响FhGRAS9的表达。使用PTG/Cas9系统,我们生成了procsgras9编辑的甜橙线#18-2和#23,它们在CsGRAS9启动子的EBE区域含有86-bp和62-bp的缺失。这些突变系在Xcc感染期间表现出增强的CsGRAS9表达和对CBC的抗性。还鉴定了几个ga相关基因和受CsGRAS9调控的CsTAC1。这是第一次有报道称,TALEs作为一种抗性基因的抑制因子,赋予宿主易感性。
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来源期刊
Molecular Horticulture
Molecular Horticulture horticultural research-
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
24
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: Aims Molecular Horticulture aims to publish research and review articles that significantly advance our knowledge in understanding how the horticultural crops or their parts operate mechanistically. Articles should have profound impacts not only in terms of high citation number or the like, but more importantly on the direction of the horticultural research field. Scope Molecular Horticulture publishes original Research Articles, Letters, and Reviews on novel discoveries on the following, but not limited to, aspects of horticultural plants (including medicinal plants): ▪ Developmental and evolutionary biology ▪ Physiology, biochemistry and cell biology ▪ Plant-microbe and plant-environment interactions ▪ Genetics and epigenetics ▪ Molecular breeding and biotechnology ▪ Secondary metabolism and synthetic biology ▪ Multi-omics dealing with data sets of genome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, epigenome and/or microbiome. The journal also welcomes research articles using model plants that reveal mechanisms and/or principles readily applicable to horticultural plants, translational research articles involving application of basic knowledge (including those of model plants) to the horticultural crops, novel Methods and Resources of broad interest. In addition, the journal publishes Editorial, News and View, and Commentary and Perspective on current, significant events and topics in global horticultural fields with international interests.
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