José Abel Espinoza-Guillen, Marleni Beatriz Alderete-Malpartida, Sadyth Jhocelú Bernabé-Meza, David Fernando Vargas-La Rosa, Jimmy Hans Cañari-Cancho
{"title":"Immission levels and identification of carbon monoxide sources in a latin American megacity: use of bivariate polar plots and k-means clustering","authors":"José Abel Espinoza-Guillen, Marleni Beatriz Alderete-Malpartida, Sadyth Jhocelú Bernabé-Meza, David Fernando Vargas-La Rosa, Jimmy Hans Cañari-Cancho","doi":"10.1007/s11869-024-01654-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The identification of the main air pollution sources becomes important in cities with rapid economic growth of developing countries in order to effectively prevent and control atmospheric pollution. In this research, carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations recorded during the period 2015–2019 at four air quality monitoring stations in the Metropolitan Area of Lima-Callao (MALC) were evaluated with the aim of determining the immission levels and identifying the main emission sources of this pollutant. Bivariate polar plots and the k-means algorithm were used to identify and classify areas with similar pollution characteristics, and the conditional bivariate probability function was used to identify potential zones where the largest contributions (≥ 75%) to air pollution in the study area originate. The average CO concentration ranged from 579.3 ± 3.8 µg/m<sup>3</sup> to 1490.9 ± 4.2 µg/m<sup>3</sup>. On average, the hourly variation showed two peaks, one in the morning (0700–0900 h LT) and another in the evening (1900–2100 h LT). On a weekly basis, the lowest CO concentrations were observed on Sundays. The results showed that the major contributions of CO come from gaseous emissions of vehicular traffic of 2- and 3-wheeled motorcycles, cars, combi vans and station wagons on the main avenues and highways using gasoline/gasohol as the main fuel, followed by diesel, LPG and NGV. The trends and patterns identified in this study show the vehicular flow on these major roads and fuel type as the main sources of CO pollution. A complementary analysis of black carbon concentrations revealed that forest fires and regional CO transport would influence the concentrations of this pollutant in the MALC. These findings contribute to the understanding of decision-makers in establishing strategies for improving air quality in metropolitan megacities such as the MALC. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":"18 2","pages":"485 - 506"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11869-024-01654-8","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The identification of the main air pollution sources becomes important in cities with rapid economic growth of developing countries in order to effectively prevent and control atmospheric pollution. In this research, carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations recorded during the period 2015–2019 at four air quality monitoring stations in the Metropolitan Area of Lima-Callao (MALC) were evaluated with the aim of determining the immission levels and identifying the main emission sources of this pollutant. Bivariate polar plots and the k-means algorithm were used to identify and classify areas with similar pollution characteristics, and the conditional bivariate probability function was used to identify potential zones where the largest contributions (≥ 75%) to air pollution in the study area originate. The average CO concentration ranged from 579.3 ± 3.8 µg/m3 to 1490.9 ± 4.2 µg/m3. On average, the hourly variation showed two peaks, one in the morning (0700–0900 h LT) and another in the evening (1900–2100 h LT). On a weekly basis, the lowest CO concentrations were observed on Sundays. The results showed that the major contributions of CO come from gaseous emissions of vehicular traffic of 2- and 3-wheeled motorcycles, cars, combi vans and station wagons on the main avenues and highways using gasoline/gasohol as the main fuel, followed by diesel, LPG and NGV. The trends and patterns identified in this study show the vehicular flow on these major roads and fuel type as the main sources of CO pollution. A complementary analysis of black carbon concentrations revealed that forest fires and regional CO transport would influence the concentrations of this pollutant in the MALC. These findings contribute to the understanding of decision-makers in establishing strategies for improving air quality in metropolitan megacities such as the MALC.
期刊介绍:
Air Quality, Atmosphere, and Health is a multidisciplinary journal which, by its very name, illustrates the broad range of work it publishes and which focuses on atmospheric consequences of human activities and their implications for human and ecological health.
It offers research papers, critical literature reviews and commentaries, as well as special issues devoted to topical subjects or themes.
International in scope, the journal presents papers that inform and stimulate a global readership, as the topic addressed are global in their import. Consequently, we do not encourage submission of papers involving local data that relate to local problems. Unless they demonstrate wide applicability, these are better submitted to national or regional journals.
Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health addresses such topics as acid precipitation; airborne particulate matter; air quality monitoring and management; exposure assessment; risk assessment; indoor air quality; atmospheric chemistry; atmospheric modeling and prediction; air pollution climatology; climate change and air quality; air pollution measurement; atmospheric impact assessment; forest-fire emissions; atmospheric science; greenhouse gases; health and ecological effects; clean air technology; regional and global change and satellite measurements.
This journal benefits a diverse audience of researchers, public health officials and policy makers addressing problems that call for solutions based in evidence from atmospheric and exposure assessment scientists, epidemiologists, and risk assessors. Publication in the journal affords the opportunity to reach beyond defined disciplinary niches to this broader readership.