Radiation Tolerance of the LHCb Outer Tracker: In the Lab and in the Forward Region at the LHC

IF 1.5 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI:10.1016/j.nima.2025.170395

N. Tuning , S. Bachmann , A. Pellegrino , U. Uwer , D. Wiedner

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

During the detector construction phase between 2004 and 2006, it was discovered that the LHCb Outer Tracker (OT) detector suffered from gain loss after irradiation in the laboratory at moderate intensities. Under irradiation an insulating layer was formed on the anode wire. The aging was caused by contamination of the counting gas due to outgassing of the glue used in construction namely araldite AY103-1. The gain loss was concentrated upstream the gas flow, and at moderate irradiation intensity only. The aging rate was reduced by longterm flushing and by the addition of a few percent of O

_{2}

to the gas mixture. Furthermore, applying a large positive high voltage (beyond the amplification regime) has shown to remove the insulating deposits without damaging the wire surface. This paper presents the history of the developments together with the characteristics and the culprit of the aging phenomenon and the resulting detector performance in situ.

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在 2004 年至 2006 年的探测器建造阶段，人们发现大型强子对撞机的外跟踪器（OT）探测器在实验室中受到中等强度的辐照后会出现增益损失。在辐照下，阳极线上形成了一个绝缘层。老化的原因是建造过程中使用的胶水（即 araldite AY103-1）的放气污染了计数气体。增益损失集中在气体流的上游，而且仅在中等辐照强度下发生。通过长期冲洗和在混合气体中加入百分之几的氧气，老化率得以降低。此外，施加大的正向高压（超出放大范围）可去除绝缘沉积物，而不会损坏导线表面。本文介绍了发展历程、老化现象的特征和罪魁祸首，以及由此产生的探测器现场性能。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment 物理-光谱学

CiteScore

3.20

自引率

21.40%

发文量

787

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Section A of Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research publishes papers on design, manufacturing and performance of scientific instruments with an emphasis on large scale facilities. This includes the development of particle accelerators, ion sources, beam transport systems and target arrangements as well as the use of secondary phenomena such as synchrotron radiation and free electron lasers. It also includes all types of instrumentation for the detection and spectrometry of radiations from high energy processes and nuclear decays, as well as instrumentation for experiments at nuclear reactors. Specialized electronics for nuclear and other types of spectrometry as well as computerization of measurements and control systems in this area also find their place in the A section. Theoretical as well as experimental papers are accepted.