N. Tuning , S. Bachmann , A. Pellegrino , U. Uwer , D. Wiedner
{"title":"Radiation Tolerance of the LHCb Outer Tracker: In the Lab and in the Forward Region at the LHC","authors":"N. Tuning , S. Bachmann , A. Pellegrino , U. Uwer , D. Wiedner","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170395","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the detector construction phase between 2004 and 2006, it was discovered that the LHCb Outer Tracker (OT) detector suffered from gain loss after irradiation in the laboratory at moderate intensities. Under irradiation an insulating layer was formed on the anode wire. The aging was caused by contamination of the counting gas due to outgassing of the glue used in construction namely araldite AY103-1. The gain loss was concentrated upstream the gas flow, and at moderate irradiation intensity only. The aging rate was reduced by longterm flushing and by the addition of a few percent of O<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> to the gas mixture. Furthermore, applying a large positive high voltage (beyond the amplification regime) has shown to remove the insulating deposits without damaging the wire surface. This paper presents the history of the developments together with the characteristics and the culprit of the aging phenomenon and the resulting detector performance in situ.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1075 ","pages":"Article 170395"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900225001962","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
During the detector construction phase between 2004 and 2006, it was discovered that the LHCb Outer Tracker (OT) detector suffered from gain loss after irradiation in the laboratory at moderate intensities. Under irradiation an insulating layer was formed on the anode wire. The aging was caused by contamination of the counting gas due to outgassing of the glue used in construction namely araldite AY103-1. The gain loss was concentrated upstream the gas flow, and at moderate irradiation intensity only. The aging rate was reduced by longterm flushing and by the addition of a few percent of O to the gas mixture. Furthermore, applying a large positive high voltage (beyond the amplification regime) has shown to remove the insulating deposits without damaging the wire surface. This paper presents the history of the developments together with the characteristics and the culprit of the aging phenomenon and the resulting detector performance in situ.
期刊介绍:
Section A of Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research publishes papers on design, manufacturing and performance of scientific instruments with an emphasis on large scale facilities. This includes the development of particle accelerators, ion sources, beam transport systems and target arrangements as well as the use of secondary phenomena such as synchrotron radiation and free electron lasers. It also includes all types of instrumentation for the detection and spectrometry of radiations from high energy processes and nuclear decays, as well as instrumentation for experiments at nuclear reactors. Specialized electronics for nuclear and other types of spectrometry as well as computerization of measurements and control systems in this area also find their place in the A section.
Theoretical as well as experimental papers are accepted.