Rechargeable cement-based solid-state nickel-iron batteries for energy storage of self-powered buildings

Abstract

The burgeoning need for sustainable and efficient energy storage solutions in the construction sector has spurred the exploration of innovative materials and technologies. This study presents the development and characterization of rechargeable cement-based solid-state nickel‑iron batteries designed for the energy storage of self-powered buildings. The cement-based electrolyte system incorporates cement, silica sand, ion exchange resin, and alkaline solution, optimized for high ionic conductivity. Nickel and iron electrodes were prepared via electroplating on carbon fiber mesh and nickel foam substrates. Extensive electrochemical testing, including cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and charge-discharge evaluations, along with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses, were conducted to assess battery performance. The results demonstrated that the nickel foam electrodes significantly outperformed the carbon fiber mesh electrodes in terms of discharge capacity, efficiency, and energy density. Notably, the cement-based batteries achieved a maximum average energy density of over 11 Wh/m² over 30 cycles. The study concluded that the robust and interconnected structure of the nickel foam substrate enhances electrochemical activity and ion transport, making it a superior electrode material for cement-based batteries. This research offers promising insights into integrating cement-based batteries into self-sustaining energy systems for buildings, highlighting the potential for practical applications in energy storage.