A geospatial-based framework for rapid simulation of storm-induced flooding and comprehensive risk assessment leveraging GWDD and fuzzy-SWARA

Abstract

With the increasing frequency of storm surges due to extreme weather, coastal protection and emergency strategies have become more critical than ever. A key element in evaluating these measures is the simulation of storm-induced flooding. As both optimization and emergency response require rapid simulations, achieving high computational efficiency is essential. In this study, a geospatial-based framework for rapid flood simulation, combined with a comprehensive risk assessment system, is introduced. The Geospatial Water Displacement and Distribution (GWDD) Model was developed, integrating GIS and Manning's equation to calculate water influx and redistribute it across affected areas. By combining spatial data with coastal vulnerability indices, Fuzzy Logic and SWARA were employed to identify flood-prone zones. Compared to traditional methods, this geospatial analysis approach simplifies physical models, increasing computational efficiency by 67.44 times while maintaining a calculation accuracy of 84.08 %, with minimal loss of precision. In addition, this paper combines multi-layered vulnerabilities such as political, economic, and environmental factors with disaster assessments, fully considering the role of vulnerability elements. It accurately identifies high-risk areas for storm surge flooding on the Leizhou Peninsula and proves the accuracy of these findings through comparison with news reports, optimizing coastal defense and emergency response strategies.