Exploring communication inefficiencies in disaster response: Perspectives of emergency managers and health professionals

Abstract

During disasters, emergency management and health agencies are typically the key providers of healthcare services, yet communication breakdowns between the two sectors often hinder response. This qualitative study explores the experiences of emergency managers and health professionals to identify challenges in cross-agency collaboration. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with professionals from New Zealand and the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Inductive thematic analysis revealed three key challenges: structural, operational, and information exchange barriers. Weak interpersonal relationships and lack of prior liaison were found to impede information sharing, reducing situational awareness. Coordination was further undermined by inadequate training, insufficient funding, and reliance on untrained personnel. Rigid planning structures, limited community engagement, and the exclusion of vulnerable groups also weakened response efforts. Overly complex reporting structures and fragmented information systems restricted effective data sharing, with privacy concerns further constraining access to critical information. Interoperability challenges further disrupt the seamless flow of information across disaster response agencies. Finally, the absence of robust auditing and accountability mechanisms highlighted the need for reinforced governance frameworks and institutionalised performance evaluations to enhance disaster resilience and response effectiveness. Identifying barriers to effective communication and information sharing among key disaster response stakeholders provides valuable insights for refining emergency response strategies including the development of clear protocols, improved data integration, and the adoption of AI and digital tools to streamline reporting and enhance decision-making. These enhancements can lead to improved quality of care, faster recovery, and more efficient resource allocation during disasters, ultimately benefiting affected populations.