Correlation, Causation and Comparison

Abstract

Figure 1. Rate constants (solid points) and theoretical fits (solid line) based on Marcus electron transfer expression. From ref (4). Copyright 2020 American Chemical Society. Figure 2. Examples of graphs showing causality between two variables. (A) Normalized incident photoconversion efficiency (IPCE) of 3D and 2D/3D perovskite solar cells in response to excitation wavelength. (B) The dependence of observed pseudo-first-order rate constant of biphenyl triplet decay (k_obs) on the concentration of rubrene. From refs (5) and (6). Copyright 2022 and 2024 American Chemical Society. Figure 3. Examples of sample property comparison using (A) trend line and (B) column graph. Since there is neither correlation or causality between the two variables, the data is better presented using a column chart. From ref (8). Copyright 2024 American Chemical Society. I would like to thank Prof. Gregory H. Hartland for helpful discussions. This article references 8 other publications. This article has not yet been cited by other publications.