Dynamic Multi-Focus 3D Laser Nanoprinting Based on Two-Step Absorption and Computational Holography

IF 9.8 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS
Pascal Rietz, Paul Somers, Sebastian Kalt, Jonathan Ludwig Günter Schneider, Pascal Kiefer, Martin Wegener
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Two-step-absorption 3D laser nanoprinting allows for using compact and low-cost continuous-wave (cw) lasers. Therefore, it is an attractive alternative to established state-of-the-art multi-photon-absorption 3D laser nanoprinting. Additionally, low single-focus polymerization-threshold laser powers pave the way for multi-focus parallelization approaches while still using compact cw laser sources. Parallelization is further encouraged by the fact that single-focus scanning velocities are inherently limited by the intermediate-state lifetime of the photoresist system used. Herein, a 3D nanoprinting setup that combines an established two-step-absorption photoresist system with a dynamic multi-focus approach based on binary holography and a digital micromirror device (DMD) is presented. The generated holographic patterns allow for combined beam-splitting and beam-steering as well as for the control of each focus’ individual intensity. Therefore, one obtains a versatile printing approach, enabling a dynamic change of the number of foci for each pattern, based on the structure to be printed. With this setup, the printing of 3D microstructures using up to 31 laser foci in parallel at a print rate of up to 61500 voxels s 1 $61500\hspace*{0.1667em}\mathrm{voxels}\hspace*{0.1667em}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ is achieved. Additionally, the capabilities and limits of the chosen approach are compared with rate-equation calculations.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
14.20
自引率
5.50%
发文量
314
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Laser & Photonics Reviews is a reputable journal that publishes high-quality Reviews, original Research Articles, and Perspectives in the field of photonics and optics. It covers both theoretical and experimental aspects, including recent groundbreaking research, specific advancements, and innovative applications. As evidence of its impact and recognition, Laser & Photonics Reviews boasts a remarkable 2022 Impact Factor of 11.0, according to the Journal Citation Reports from Clarivate Analytics (2023). Moreover, it holds impressive rankings in the InCites Journal Citation Reports: in 2021, it was ranked 6th out of 101 in the field of Optics, 15th out of 161 in Applied Physics, and 12th out of 69 in Condensed Matter Physics. The journal uses the ISSN numbers 1863-8880 for print and 1863-8899 for online publications.
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