Model development to assess the impact of a preventive treatment with sarolaner and moxidectin on Dirofilaria immitis infection dynamics in dogs.

IF 3 2区 医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY
Emilie Hendrickx, Thomas Geurden, Cedric Marsboom
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Abstract

Background: Dirofilaria immitis is a mosquito-transmitted filarial parasite causing heartworm disease in dogs. The parasite may cause a significant disease burden to the dog population in high prevalence areas and is mainly managed through prophylactic treatments.

Methods: In this modelling study, the effect of a prophylactic treatment with moxidectin and sarolaner on heartworm disease dynamics was investigated in dogs. A compartmental model was developed to investigate different epidemiological settings considering different values for prevalence and host preference.

Results: When the mosquito host preference to dogs is low, a treatment compliance of only 40% decreases the proportion of infectious dogs. When the host preference of the mosquitoes however increases, an exponential increase in infectious dogs was observed, and a higher treatment compliance is required. In high transmission environments, with a high prevalence and a high mosquito host preference, a high treatment compliance (up to 100%) is required to have an impact on the number of infected animals. Notably, in scenarios with higher host preference towards dogs, more mosquitoes are exposed to sarolaner through the blood meal, leading to higher mortality of these mosquitoes and resulting in fewer infected and infectious dogs.

Conclusions: The preventive efficacy, as measured by the number of non-infected dogs, increases with increasing treatment compliance, but the extent of the treatment effect differs with the epidemiological setting. Adding sarolaner to a heartworm prevention has a complimentary impact on mosquito survival and heartworm disease transmission, although this effect depends on the epidemiological settings, emphasizing the true complexity of disease dynamics of a vector-borne disease.

背景:犬心丝虫是一种由蚊子传播的丝虫寄生虫,可引起犬心丝虫病。该寄生虫可能对高流行地区的犬群造成重大疾病负担,主要通过预防性治疗进行管理。方法:在本模型研究中,研究了莫西菌素和沙罗菌素预防治疗对犬心丝虫病动力学的影响。建立了一个分区模型,以调查考虑不同流行率和宿主偏好值的不同流行病学环境。结果:当蚊虫宿主对犬的偏好较低时,治疗依从性仅为40%,感染犬的比例降低。然而,当蚊子对宿主的偏好增加时,感染犬呈指数增长,需要更高的治疗依从性。在高传播环境中,流行率高,蚊虫宿主偏好高,需要高度的治疗依从性(高达100%)才能对受感染动物的数量产生影响。值得注意的是,在宿主对狗的偏好较高的情况下,更多的蚊子通过血餐接触到sarolaner,导致这些蚊子的死亡率更高,并导致感染和感染狗的数量减少。结论:以未感染犬数衡量的预防效果随治疗依从性的增加而增加,但治疗效果的程度因流行病学背景而异。在预防心丝虫的工作中加入sarolaner对蚊子存活和心丝虫疾病传播具有互补影响,尽管这种影响取决于流行病学环境,强调了媒介传播疾病的疾病动态的真正复杂性。
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来源期刊
Parasites & Vectors
Parasites & Vectors 医学-寄生虫学
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
9.40%
发文量
433
审稿时长
1.4 months
期刊介绍: Parasites & Vectors is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal dealing with the biology of parasites, parasitic diseases, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens. Manuscripts published in this journal will be available to all worldwide, with no barriers to access, immediately following acceptance. However, authors retain the copyright of their material and may use it, or distribute it, as they wish. Manuscripts on all aspects of the basic and applied biology of parasites, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens will be considered. In addition to the traditional and well-established areas of science in these fields, we also aim to provide a vehicle for publication of the rapidly developing resources and technology in parasite, intermediate host and vector genomics and their impacts on biological research. We are able to publish large datasets and extensive results, frequently associated with genomic and post-genomic technologies, which are not readily accommodated in traditional journals. Manuscripts addressing broader issues, for example economics, social sciences and global climate change in relation to parasites, vectors and disease control, are also welcomed.
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