Modern Comprehensive Metabolomic Profiling of Pollen Using Various Analytical Techniques.

IF 4.2 2区化学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Molecules Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI:10.3390/molecules30051172

Petra Krejčí, Zbyněk Žingor, Jana Balarynová, Andrea Čevelová, Matěj Tesárek, Petr Smýkal, Petr Bednář

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Pollen is a cornerstone of life for plants. Its durability, adaptability, and complex design are the key factors to successful plant reproduction, genetic diversity, and the maintenance of ecosystems. A detailed study of its chemical composition is important to understand the mechanism of pollen-pollinator interactions, pollination processes, and allergic reactions. In this study, a multimodal approach involving Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), direct mass spectrometry with an atmospheric solids analysis probe (ASAP), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) was applied for metabolite profiling. ATR-FTIR provided an initial overview of the present metabolite classes. Phenylpropanoid, lipidic, and carbohydrate structures were revealed. The hydrophobic outer layer of pollen was characterized in detail by ASAP-MS profiling, and esters, phytosterols, and terpenoids were observed. Diacyl- and triacylglycerols and carbohydrate structures were identified in MALDI-MS spectra. The MALDI-MS imaging of lipids proved to be helpful during the microscopic characterization of pollen species in their mixture. Polyphenol profiling and the quantification of important secondary metabolites were performed by UHPLC-MS in context with pollen coloration and their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The obtained results revealed significant chemical differences among Magnoliophyta and Pinophyta pollen. Additionally, some variations within Magnoliophyta species were observed. The obtained metabolomics data were utilized for pollen differentiation at the taxonomic scale and provided valuable information in relation to pollen interactions during reproduction and its related applications.

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来源期刊

Molecules 化学-有机化学

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

8.70%

发文量

7524

审稿时长

1.4 months

期刊介绍： Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049, CODEN: MOLEFW) is an open access journal of synthetic organic chemistry and natural product chemistry. All articles are peer-reviewed and published continously upon acceptance. Molecules is published by MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Our aim is to encourage chemists to publish as much as possible their experimental detail, particularly synthetic procedures and characterization information. There is no restriction on the length of the experimental section. In addition, availability of compound samples is published and considered as important information. Authors are encouraged to register or deposit their chemical samples through the non-profit international organization Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI). Molecules has been launched in 1996 to preserve and exploit molecular diversity of both, chemical information and chemical substances.