{"title":"Cerebral asymmetry: Historical introduction.","authors":"Giovanni Berlucchi","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-443-15646-5.00006-3","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cortical localization and hemispheric asymmetry of function are key concepts for analyzing the relationship between the brain, mind, and behavior in clinical neurology, neuropsychology, cognitive neuroscience, and modern philosophy. This chapter presents the history of asymmetries in the human central nervous system within the context of right-left asymmetries of bodily structure, as can be detected in individuals of virtually all living species. It has been known since antiquity that behavioral deficits on one side of the body could be caused by brain lesions on the opposite side. Yet, the idea that the two cerebral hemispheres could subserve different functions emerged only in the 19th century following the work of Franz Gall, Marc Dax, and especially Paul Broca. The concept of functional duality flourished during the golden age of cortical localization. Doubts occurred following the antilocalizationist tendencies in neurology and psychology, a movement mainly led by Karl Lashley. Later, a disciple of Lashley, Roger Sperry, and his coworkers unequivocally demonstrated the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres, thanks to their work on split brain. Finally, Norman Geschwind and the many scholars who were inspired by him have clarified, complemented, or changed the way of thinking of clinical neurologists about the great neuropsychologic sectors of aphasia, agnosia, and apraxia, as well as consciousness.</p>","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"208 ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Handbook of clinical neurology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-15646-5.00006-3","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Medicine","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Cortical localization and hemispheric asymmetry of function are key concepts for analyzing the relationship between the brain, mind, and behavior in clinical neurology, neuropsychology, cognitive neuroscience, and modern philosophy. This chapter presents the history of asymmetries in the human central nervous system within the context of right-left asymmetries of bodily structure, as can be detected in individuals of virtually all living species. It has been known since antiquity that behavioral deficits on one side of the body could be caused by brain lesions on the opposite side. Yet, the idea that the two cerebral hemispheres could subserve different functions emerged only in the 19th century following the work of Franz Gall, Marc Dax, and especially Paul Broca. The concept of functional duality flourished during the golden age of cortical localization. Doubts occurred following the antilocalizationist tendencies in neurology and psychology, a movement mainly led by Karl Lashley. Later, a disciple of Lashley, Roger Sperry, and his coworkers unequivocally demonstrated the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres, thanks to their work on split brain. Finally, Norman Geschwind and the many scholars who were inspired by him have clarified, complemented, or changed the way of thinking of clinical neurologists about the great neuropsychologic sectors of aphasia, agnosia, and apraxia, as well as consciousness.
期刊介绍：
The Handbook of Clinical Neurology (HCN) was originally conceived and edited by Pierre Vinken and George Bruyn as a prestigious, multivolume reference work that would cover all the disorders encountered by clinicians and researchers engaged in neurology and allied fields. The first series of the Handbook (Volumes 1-44) was published between 1968 and 1982 and was followed by a second series (Volumes 45-78), guided by the same editors, which concluded in 2002. By that time, the Handbook had come to represent one of the largest scientific works ever published. In 2002, Professors Michael J. Aminoff, François Boller, and Dick F. Swaab took on the responsibility of supervising the third (current) series, the first volumes of which published in 2003. They have designed this series to encompass both clinical neurology and also the basic and clinical neurosciences that are its underpinning. Given the enormity and complexity of the accumulating literature, it is almost impossible to keep abreast of developments in the field, thus providing the raison d''être for the series. The series will thus appeal to clinicians and investigators alike, providing to each an added dimension. Now, more than 140 volumes after it began, the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series has an unparalleled reputation for providing the latest information on fundamental research on the operation of the nervous system in health and disease, comprehensive clinical information on neurological and related disorders, and up-to-date treatment protocols.
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