Exploring the Evolution of Altruistic Punishment with a PDE Model of Cultural Multilevel Selection.

IF 2 4区 数学 Q2 BIOLOGY
Daniel B Cooney
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Two mechanisms that have been used to study the evolution of cooperative behavior are altruistic punishment, in which cooperative individuals pay additional costs to punish defection, and multilevel selection, in which competition between groups can help to counteract individual-level incentives to cheat. Boyd, Gintis, Bowles, and Richerson have used simulation models of cultural evolution to suggest that altruistic punishment and pairwise group-level competition can work in concert to promote cooperation, even when neither mechanism can do so on its own. In this paper, we formulate a PDE model for multilevel selection motivated by the approach of Boyd and coauthors, modeling individual-level birth-death competition with a replicator equation based on individual payoffs and describing group-level competition with pairwise conflicts based on differences in the average payoffs of the competing groups. Building off of existing PDE models for multilevel selection with frequency-independent group-level competition, we use analytical and numerical techniques to understand how the forms of individual and average payoffs can impact the long-time ability to sustain altruistic punishment in group-structured populations. We find several interesting differences between the behavior of our new PDE model with pairwise group-level competition and existing multilevel PDE models, including the observation that our new model can feature a non-monotonic dependence of the long-time collective payoff on the strength of altruistic punishment. Going forward, our PDE framework can serve as a way to connect and compare disparate approaches for understanding multilevel selection across the literature in evolutionary biology and anthropology.

用文化多层次选择的PDE模型探讨利他性惩罚的演化。
研究合作行为进化的两种机制是利他惩罚(altruistic punishment)和多层次选择(multi -level selection),前者指合作个体为惩罚背叛行为付出额外代价,后者指群体间的竞争有助于抵消个体层面的欺骗动机。Boyd、Gintis、Bowles和Richerson利用文化进化的模拟模型表明,利他主义的惩罚和成对的群体层面的竞争可以协同促进合作,即使这两种机制都不能单独发挥作用。在本文中,我们基于Boyd等人的方法建立了一个多层次选择的PDE模型,用基于个体收益的复制因子方程建模个体层面的生-死竞争,并基于竞争群体平均收益的差异描述具有两两冲突的群体层面竞争。在现有的具有频率无关的群体竞争的多层次选择PDE模型的基础上,我们使用分析和数值技术来理解个体和平均回报的形式如何影响群体结构群体中长期维持利他惩罚的能力。我们发现,在具有两两群体竞争的新PDE模型的行为与现有的多层PDE模型之间存在一些有趣的差异,包括观察到我们的新模型可以表现出长期集体收益对利他惩罚强度的非单调依赖。展望未来,我们的PDE框架可以作为一种连接和比较不同方法的方式,以理解进化生物学和人类学文献中的多层次选择。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
8.60%
发文量
123
审稿时长
7.5 months
期刊介绍: The Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, the official journal of the Society for Mathematical Biology, disseminates original research findings and other information relevant to the interface of biology and the mathematical sciences. Contributions should have relevance to both fields. In order to accommodate the broad scope of new developments, the journal accepts a variety of contributions, including: Original research articles focused on new biological insights gained with the help of tools from the mathematical sciences or new mathematical tools and methods with demonstrated applicability to biological investigations Research in mathematical biology education Reviews Commentaries Perspectives, and contributions that discuss issues important to the profession All contributions are peer-reviewed.
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