Assessing the marginal seal of bioactive restorative materials in class II cavities with a bacterial penetration model

IF 4.6 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Dental Materials Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI:10.1016/j.dental.2025.03.003

Sabina Noreen Wuersching, Lisa Kohl, Reinhard Hickel, Falk Schwendicke, Maximilian Kollmuss

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study was to examine the marginal seal of novel bioactive restorative materials and the material-related properties associated with bacterial microleakage.

Methods

Class II cavities prepared into human extracted teeth were restored with: Venus Diamond (VD) + selective enamel etching (SEE)/self-etching universal adhesive (SEA), ACTIVA BioACTIVE RESTORATIVE (AB) + SEE/SEA, Cention Forte (CF) + Cention Primer, Ketac Universal Aplicap (KU), EQUIA Forte HT (EF) and Surefil One (SO) and exposed to a cariogenic multi-species bacterial suspension for 7 days. Bacterial microleakage was visualized with a modified gram staining protocol and bacterial penetration depths were microscopically determined after sectioning the teeth. Disc-shaped specimens (10 mm x 2 mm, n = 6) were used for assessing possible antimicrobial effects and the pH of the materials.

Results

Bacterial microleakage occurred in 14.7 % (VD), 7.1 % (AB), 2.9 % (CF), 47.6 % (KU), 34.0 % (EF) and 55.7 % (SO) of the examined margins. When bacterial penetration occurred, it was limited to the enamel in cavities restored with KU, EF and SO, but reached into dentin of VD, AB, and CF restorations. While SO led to bacterial growth arrest, all other materials only exhibited a weak antibacterial effect. CF immersed in water created an alkaline pH (∼9), which remained high until the end of the measurement after 3 months.

Conclusions

Bacterial microleakage occurred less frequently when adhesive pretreatment was performed prior to restoration. CF showed promising results in terms of a tight marginal seal, which may be attributed to continuous ion release and local pH regulation.

Clinical significance

Establishing materials with an improved marginal seal is essential for ensuring longevity of direct restorations and preventing secondary caries development. Bioactive restorative materials, when used with complementary adhesives, show greater resilience to bacterial penetration compared to self-adhesive materials, making them a promising future alternative to nanohybrid composites.

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来源期刊

Dental Materials 工程技术-材料科学：生物材料

CiteScore

9.80

自引率

10.00%

发文量

290

审稿时长

67 days

期刊介绍： Dental Materials publishes original research, review articles, and short communications. Academy of Dental Materials members click here to register for free access to Dental Materials online. The principal aim of Dental Materials is to promote rapid communication of scientific information between academia, industry, and the dental practitioner. Original Manuscripts on clinical and laboratory research of basic and applied character which focus on the properties or performance of dental materials or the reaction of host tissues to materials are given priority publication. Other acceptable topics include application technology in clinical dentistry and dental laboratory technology. Comprehensive reviews and editorial commentaries on pertinent subjects will be considered.