Environmental sustainable ZrO2 -phosphorous Biochar nano composite derived from sugarcane bagasse and their adsorption behavior of antidepressant drugs

IF 4.3 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

BMC Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI:10.1186/s13065-025-01430-4

Walaa A. Elhamdy

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Abstract

Phosphorous biochar was synthesized from sugarcane bagasse (SB) by applying a 2:1 weight ratio of H₃PO₄ to OP and pyrolyzing it at 600 °C under nitrogen. Sugarcane bagasse was selected for its affordability and environmental benefits as a carbon support. Following this, a zirconium-loaded PC nanocomposite (ZrP400) was developed by impregnating zirconium hydroxide in concentrations 5–30% onto the mesoporous phosphorous biochar, which was then thermally treated at 400ºC. Analytical techniques showed that the ZrP400 adsorbents had a high surface area (1697–2434 m²/g) and considerable porosity. The effectiveness of these adsorbents in removing the hazardous tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline (AMT) from water was tested. At a pH of 6.52, the neutral adsorbent provided various chemical functional groups that facilitated the binding of amitriptyline. With 20 mg of adsorbent at 35ºC, the capacity for amitriptyline adsorption reached up to 585 mg/g. Adsorption equilibrium was reached within 120 min over a concentration range of 10 to 300 mg/L. Kinetic and equilibrium data showed that the adsorption was well described by the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich isotherm models, indicating that chemisorption was the primary mechanism, with physisorption also contributing significantly to amitriptyline removal. The spent adsorbent could be effectively regenerated using ethanol. Additionally, the process’s sustainability was assessed using GAPI and AGREE metrics, which confirmed its environmental friendliness, practicality, and sustainability.

Graphical Abstract

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环境可持续的ZrO2 -磷酸生物炭纳米复合材料及其对抗抑郁药物的吸附行为

以甘蔗渣（SB）为原料，以H3PO4与OP的质量比为2:1，在600℃氮气条件下热解制备含磷生物炭。选择甘蔗渣作为碳支撑材料是因为它的可负担性和环境效益。在此基础上，将浓度为5-30%的氢氧化锆浸渍在含磷介孔生物炭上，在400℃下进行热处理，制备了载锆PC纳米复合材料（ZrP400）。分析表明，ZrP400吸附剂具有较高的比表面积（1697 ~ 2434 m²/g）和较大的孔隙率。测试了这些吸附剂对水中有害的三环抗抑郁药阿米替林（AMT）的去除效果。在pH为6.52时，中性吸附剂提供了多种促进阿米替林结合的化学官能团。在35℃条件下，吸附剂用量为20 mg时，阿米替林的吸附量可达585 mg/g。在10 ~ 300 mg/L的浓度范围内，在120 min内达到吸附平衡。动力学和平衡数据表明，拟二阶和Freundlich等温线模型很好地描述了吸附过程，表明化学吸附是主要的吸附机制，物理吸附对阿米替林的去除也有重要作用。废吸附剂可以用乙醇进行有效的再生。此外，采用GAPI和AGREE指标对该工艺的可持续性进行了评估，确认了其环境友好性、实用性和可持续性。图形抽象

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来源期刊

BMC Chemistry Chemistry-General Chemistry

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

2.20%

发文量

审稿时长

27 weeks

期刊介绍： BMC Chemistry, formerly known as Chemistry Central Journal, is now part of the BMC series journals family. Chemistry Central Journal has served the chemistry community as a trusted open access resource for more than 10 years – and we are delighted to announce the next step on its journey. In January 2019 the journal has been renamed BMC Chemistry and now strengthens the BMC series footprint in the physical sciences by publishing quality articles and by pushing the boundaries of open chemistry.