Climate resilience strategies for schools in mediterranean areas: is it feasible to condition air merely with ventilation?

IF 3.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS
Paolo Maria Congedo, Andrea Palmieri, Cristina Baglivo
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Abstract

Managing energy costs in school buildings across Italy poses a significant challenge. Over time, various directives have aimed to reduce energy consumption and improve indoor air quality to enhance student and teacher performance. This study offers an innovative analysis of the thermal behavior of a school in a typical Mediterranean climate. The building envelope is designed to meet legal standards for thermal transmittance specific to its Italian climate zone. Using Termolog Epix 15 software, the study conducts dynamic annual and hourly simulations to assess operative temperature and relative humidity in classrooms, with the heating system turned off and varying air exchange rates. The results suggest that optimizing the building envelope can be more effective than installing traditional HVAC systems (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) in warm climates, demonstrating the effectiveness of a mechanical ventilation system without heating or cooling. By analyzing the PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) and PPD (Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied) indices, the study demonstrates that it is possible to maintain acceptable thermo-hygrometric comfort through the only ventilation. During winter, with air changes per hour ranging from 1 to 5, classrooms can maintain temperatures between 21 °C and 23 °C, ensuring thermal comfort without heating. Typically, a heating system would operate for approximately 1071 h annually, excluding holidays. However, an effective ventilation system could eliminate the need for heating entirely. While maintaining optimal temperatures in the intermediate months (spring/autumn) and summer is more challenging, this concern is mitigated by the fact that schools are closed during summer holidays.

地中海地区学校的气候适应策略:仅仅通过通风调节空气是否可行?
管理意大利各地学校建筑的能源成本是一项重大挑战。随着时间的推移,各种指令旨在减少能源消耗和改善室内空气质量,以提高学生和教师的表现。本研究对典型地中海气候下一所学校的热行为进行了创新分析。建筑围护结构的设计符合意大利气候区特定的热透射率的法律标准。该研究使用Termolog Epix 15软件,在关闭供暖系统和改变空气交换率的情况下,进行年度和每小时的动态模拟,以评估教室的工作温度和相对湿度。结果表明,在温暖的气候条件下,优化建筑围护结构比安装传统的暖通空调系统(采暖、通风和空调)更有效,证明了不加热或冷却的机械通风系统的有效性。通过分析PMV(预测平均投票)和PPD(预测不满意百分比)指数,研究表明,通过唯一的通风可以保持可接受的热湿舒适性。在冬季,每小时换气1到5次,教室的温度可以保持在21°C到23°C之间,在没有暖气的情况下确保热舒适。通常情况下,供暖系统每年将运行约1071小时,不包括假日。然而,一个有效的通风系统可以完全消除加热的需要。虽然在中间月份(春季/秋季)和夏季保持最佳温度更具挑战性,但由于学校在暑假期间关闭,这一问题得到了缓解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Energy Efficiency
Energy Efficiency ENERGY & FUELS-ENERGY & FUELS
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
6.50%
发文量
59
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The journal Energy Efficiency covers wide-ranging aspects of energy efficiency in the residential, tertiary, industrial and transport sectors. Coverage includes a number of different topics and disciplines including energy efficiency policies at local, regional, national and international levels; long term impact of energy efficiency; technologies to improve energy efficiency; consumer behavior and the dynamics of consumption; socio-economic impacts of energy efficiency measures; energy efficiency as a virtual utility; transportation issues; building issues; energy management systems and energy services; energy planning and risk assessment; energy efficiency in developing countries and economies in transition; non-energy benefits of energy efficiency and opportunities for policy integration; energy education and training, and emerging technologies. See Aims and Scope for more details.
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