{"title":"Evaluation of the Bardenpho system using suspended and attached biomass to treat effluent from poultry egg hatchery","authors":"S. Capalonga, M. C. de Almeida Silva","doi":"10.1007/s13762-024-06048-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biological treatment processes utilize microorganisms to oxidize both organic and inorganic matter. The use of anoxic and aerobic chambers, in a process known as Bardenpho 4-stages, enables the removal of nitrogen and organic matter through nitrification and denitrification. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of two of Bardenpho’s 4-stage systems, one with attached biomass and the other with suspended biomass, for treating effluent from a poultry egg hatchery. The effluent is characterized by high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrogen concentrations. Two prototypes were constructed, and during their operation, hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of the second anoxic reactor (AN2) and the second aerobic reactor (AE2), as well as the internal recirculation rate (Ri), were varied to identify opportunities for cost savings and better results. Ultimately, there were 8 variations, each lasting 18 days, totalizing a duration test of 144 days. Comparing attached and suspended systems, significant differences were found for COD removal, with median values of 92% and 84%, respectively, demonstrating that the process with support media shows better efficiency. The most outstanding results were obtained during the 8 tests in stage 2A, operated with 500% Ri, 8.1 h HRT in AN2 reactor, 4.1 h in AE2 reactor, and attached biomass. Also, a similar behavior was identified for removing other pollutants, such as nitrogen compounds. With the reduction of HRTs, it was observed that the systems could not degrade the pollutants studied, except for the second anoxic tank, which could be decreased without detriment, saving energy and space.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":589,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"22 8","pages":"6697 - 6710"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13762-024-06048-y","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Biological treatment processes utilize microorganisms to oxidize both organic and inorganic matter. The use of anoxic and aerobic chambers, in a process known as Bardenpho 4-stages, enables the removal of nitrogen and organic matter through nitrification and denitrification. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of two of Bardenpho’s 4-stage systems, one with attached biomass and the other with suspended biomass, for treating effluent from a poultry egg hatchery. The effluent is characterized by high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrogen concentrations. Two prototypes were constructed, and during their operation, hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of the second anoxic reactor (AN2) and the second aerobic reactor (AE2), as well as the internal recirculation rate (Ri), were varied to identify opportunities for cost savings and better results. Ultimately, there were 8 variations, each lasting 18 days, totalizing a duration test of 144 days. Comparing attached and suspended systems, significant differences were found for COD removal, with median values of 92% and 84%, respectively, demonstrating that the process with support media shows better efficiency. The most outstanding results were obtained during the 8 tests in stage 2A, operated with 500% Ri, 8.1 h HRT in AN2 reactor, 4.1 h in AE2 reactor, and attached biomass. Also, a similar behavior was identified for removing other pollutants, such as nitrogen compounds. With the reduction of HRTs, it was observed that the systems could not degrade the pollutants studied, except for the second anoxic tank, which could be decreased without detriment, saving energy and space.
期刊介绍：
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology (IJEST) is an international scholarly refereed research journal which aims to promote the theory and practice of environmental science and technology, innovation, engineering and management.
A broad outline of the journal''s scope includes: peer reviewed original research articles, case and technical reports, reviews and analyses papers, short communications and notes to the editor, in interdisciplinary information on the practice and status of research in environmental science and technology, both natural and man made.
The main aspects of research areas include, but are not exclusive to; environmental chemistry and biology, environments pollution control and abatement technology, transport and fate of pollutants in the environment, concentrations and dispersion of wastes in air, water, and soil, point and non-point sources pollution, heavy metals and organic compounds in the environment, atmospheric pollutants and trace gases, solid and hazardous waste management; soil biodegradation and bioremediation of contaminated sites; environmental impact assessment, industrial ecology, ecological and human risk assessment; improved energy management and auditing efficiency and environmental standards and criteria.
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