Optimizing the preparation of laser-derived 3D porous graphene electrodes for modification-free sensing of heavy metal ions†

IF 4.1 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL
Ismaila Diédhiou, Amal Raouafi, Sami Hamzaoui, Modou Fall and Noureddine Raouafi
{"title":"Optimizing the preparation of laser-derived 3D porous graphene electrodes for modification-free sensing of heavy metal ions†","authors":"Ismaila Diédhiou, Amal Raouafi, Sami Hamzaoui, Modou Fall and Noureddine Raouafi","doi":"10.1039/D4SD00290C","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p >Heavy metallic cations are prevalent in the environment and have detrimental effects on human health and flora. Research into methods for their detection is increasing. Laser-derived graphene electrodes (LDGEs) have gained popularity in electrochemical applications owing to their straightforward preparation, cost-effectiveness, porous structure, high specific surface area, and advantageous electronic properties. In this study, we showed that the fine-tuning of laser beam parameters, such as power and speed, as well as the electrochemical detection parameters, allowed detecting heavy metal ions, specifically Cd<small><sup>2+</sup></small> and Pb<small><sup>2+</sup></small>, using carefully optimized porous LDGEs, without the need of adding any other metals such as Bi<small><sup>3+</sup></small>. The optimal LDGEs, respectively fabricated with a laser power and speed of 6.4 W and 30 cm s<small><sup>−1</sup></small> were characterized using electrochemical measurements, digital imaging, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, confirming the 3D porous structure. The LDGEs were then subjected to square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry for the simultaneous detection of Cd<small><sup>2+</sup></small> and Pb<small><sup>2+</sup></small> in a 0.1 M acetate-buffered solution at pH 4. The key metrics for the LDGE-based sensor were as follows: sensitivities of 0.45 (Cd<small><sup>2+</sup></small>) and 0.93 (Pb<small><sup>2+</sup></small>) μA ppb<small><sup>−1</sup></small> cm<small><sup>−2</sup></small>, linear ranges spanning from 25 to 1000 ppb (Cd<small><sup>2+</sup></small>) and 10 to 500 ppb (Pb<small><sup>2+</sup></small>), and detection limits of 6.13 ppb (Cd<small><sup>2+</sup></small>) and 2.96 ppb (Pb<small><sup>2+</sup></small>) (at S/N = 3).The electrochemical sensor could simultaneously detect Cd<small><sup>2+</sup></small> and Pb<small><sup>2+</sup></small> in real samples, including ore and tap water. This underscores the applicability and versatility of the optimized LDGEs for heavy-metal ion detection in complex environmental matrices.</p>","PeriodicalId":74786,"journal":{"name":"Sensors & diagnostics","volume":" 3","pages":" 202-215"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/sd/d4sd00290c?page=search","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Sensors & diagnostics","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2025/sd/d4sd00290c","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Heavy metallic cations are prevalent in the environment and have detrimental effects on human health and flora. Research into methods for their detection is increasing. Laser-derived graphene electrodes (LDGEs) have gained popularity in electrochemical applications owing to their straightforward preparation, cost-effectiveness, porous structure, high specific surface area, and advantageous electronic properties. In this study, we showed that the fine-tuning of laser beam parameters, such as power and speed, as well as the electrochemical detection parameters, allowed detecting heavy metal ions, specifically Cd2+ and Pb2+, using carefully optimized porous LDGEs, without the need of adding any other metals such as Bi3+. The optimal LDGEs, respectively fabricated with a laser power and speed of 6.4 W and 30 cm s−1 were characterized using electrochemical measurements, digital imaging, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, confirming the 3D porous structure. The LDGEs were then subjected to square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry for the simultaneous detection of Cd2+ and Pb2+ in a 0.1 M acetate-buffered solution at pH 4. The key metrics for the LDGE-based sensor were as follows: sensitivities of 0.45 (Cd2+) and 0.93 (Pb2+) μA ppb−1 cm−2, linear ranges spanning from 25 to 1000 ppb (Cd2+) and 10 to 500 ppb (Pb2+), and detection limits of 6.13 ppb (Cd2+) and 2.96 ppb (Pb2+) (at S/N = 3).The electrochemical sensor could simultaneously detect Cd2+ and Pb2+ in real samples, including ore and tap water. This underscores the applicability and versatility of the optimized LDGEs for heavy-metal ion detection in complex environmental matrices.

Abstract Image

优化制备激光衍生的三维多孔石墨烯电极,用于重金属离子的无修饰传感
重金属阳离子在环境中普遍存在,对人体健康和植物群有不利影响。对其检测方法的研究正在增加。激光衍生的石墨烯电极(LDGEs)由于其制备简单、成本效益高、多孔结构、高比表面积和优越的电子性能而在电化学应用中得到了广泛的应用。在这项研究中,我们表明,微调激光束参数,如功率和速度,以及电化学检测参数,允许检测重金属离子,特别是Cd2+和Pb2+,使用精心优化的多孔ldge,而不需要添加任何其他金属,如Bi3+。采用电化学测量、数字成像、扫描电镜和拉曼光谱等方法,对激光功率和速度分别为6.4 W和30 cm s−1的最佳LDGEs进行了表征,证实了其三维多孔结构。然后用方波阳极溶出伏安法在pH为4的0.1 M醋酸盐缓冲溶液中同时检测Cd2+和Pb2+。该传感器的灵敏度分别为0.45 (Cd2+)和0.93 (Pb2+) μA ppb−1 cm−2,线性范围为25 ~ 1000 ppb (Cd2+)和10 ~ 500 ppb (Pb2+),检出限分别为6.13 ppb (Cd2+)和2.96 ppb (Pb2+) (S/N = 3)。该传感器可同时检测矿石和自来水等实际样品中的Cd2+和Pb2+。这强调了优化后的LDGEs在复杂环境矩阵中重金属离子检测的适用性和多功能性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
CiteScore
2.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信