Rare-earth doped Bi4Ge3O12 crystals: Advances in growth techniques and luminescence properties for laser applications

IF 2.2 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 OPTICS

Optics Communications Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI:10.1016/j.optcom.2025.131730

Jie Xu , Yannick Guyot , Jian Liu , Xiaodong Xu , Jun Xu , Kheirreddine Lebbou , Richard Moncorgé

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Trivalent rare-earth (RE) ion-doped Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂ (BGO) crystals exhibit exceptional potentialities for laser applications owing to their favorable emission characteristics, superior optical/thermo-mechanical properties, and non-hygroscopic nature. This review systematically summarizes recent progresses in the growth techniques and luminescence properties of RE³⁺ (Nd³⁺, Er³⁺, Tm³⁺, Ho³⁺, Pr³⁺)-doped BGO crystals. We critically analyze four dominant growth techniquess, such as Czochralski, Micro-pulling-down (μ-PD), Floating zone, and Bridgman-Stockbarger, thus highlighting their suitability for achieving high-quality single crystals. Detailed spectroscopic investigations reveal that Nd³⁺-doped BGO leads to efficient continuous-wave lasing at 1064 nm, while Pr³⁺ and Er³⁺ co-dopings enable multi-wavelength emissions spanning visible to mid-infrared regions. Challenges in suppressing non-radiative transitions and optimizing dopant concentrations for laser performance are discussed, providing a roadmap for future research in advanced optoelectronic devices.

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来源期刊

Optics Communications 物理-光学

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

8.30%

发文量

681

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： Optics Communications invites original and timely contributions containing new results in various fields of optics and photonics. The journal considers theoretical and experimental research in areas ranging from the fundamental properties of light to technological applications. Topics covered include classical and quantum optics, optical physics and light-matter interactions, lasers, imaging, guided-wave optics and optical information processing. Manuscripts should offer clear evidence of novelty and significance. Papers concentrating on mathematical and computational issues, with limited connection to optics, are not suitable for publication in the Journal. Similarly, small technical advances, or papers concerned only with engineering applications or issues of materials science fall outside the journal scope.