Lesión pulmonar y diafragmática inducida por la ventilación mecánica: conceptos básicos y revisión de las estrategias de manejo

Abstract

ARDS is an alteration between the capillary and the alveolus due to an inflammatory process accompanied by lung injury. Ventilatory support during ARDS seeks to stabilize the clinical situation, however, it can cause alterations and complications. The ideal is to apply VM seeking to avoid these adverse effects, in addition to improving oxygenation and giving time to manage the primary cause. Therefore, lung protection strategies seek to minimize lung damage, with lower ventilation volumes and pressures. The damage can be at the pulmonary and diaphragmatic level with invasive and non-invasive ventilation, this increases the morbidity and mortality of patients in the ICU. The objective of this work is to review the concepts of protective mechanical ventilation at the pulmonary and diaphragmatic level, including management strategies, in addition to evaluating the predictors that modify the generation of these complications and their impact on mortality.