Thermal-responsive smart materials for enhanced thermoelectric power generation

Abstract

Thermoelectric materials have garnered significant attention for their potential in energy conversion applications due to their ability to directly convert heat into electricity. Recent advancements in thermoelectric technology have highlighted the diverse range of applications. In particular, the integration of thermoelectric materials with thermal-responsive smart materials holds great potential for enhancing continuous energy conversion, addressing the limitations of both electronic and ionic thermoelectric materials. However, in-depth discussions on this topic remain scarce. This review explores the integration of thermal-responsive smart materials—such as shape-memory alloys, shape-memory polymers, and smart hydrogels—with thermoelectric materials, emphasizing the potential of this combination to enhance thermoelectric power generation. First, we introduce the concept of thermal-responsive materials, analysing their potential applicability in energy conversion systems. Next, we discuss the necessity of combining smart materials with thermoelectric materials, highlighting the specific advantages of such integration. Recent developments in electronic and ionic thermoelectric materials are reviewed, alongside their inherent challenges. Finally, we propose strategies for leveraging thermal-responsive smart materials to enhance thermoelectric power generation, presenting a prototype system and exploring the underlying mechanisms that facilitate efficient, continuous energy conversion. This review aims to provide valuable insights into the development of thermal-responsive smart materials and stimulate further progress in this interdisciplinary field.