The nematode egg parasitic fungi, Niesslia gamsii and Polydomus karssenii, protect tomato against Meloidogyne hapla by priming and regulating the plant defence system

IF 4.3 1区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY
Milad Rashidifard, Wolfgang Maier, Samad Ashrafi
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Abstract

Plants employ different defensive strategies to limit or avoid nematode attacks, including the recruitment of beneficial microorganisms that can support plants by enhancing their defence mechanisms. We investigated the effect of the two nematode egg parasitising fungi, Niesslia gamsii and Polydomus karssenii, on nematode suppression on tomato using greenhouse experiments. Their potential against Meloidogyne hapla was evaluated by analysing direct parasitism and the expression of plant defence-related genes, through quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Niesslia gamsii and P. karssenii were originally isolated from naturally infested eggs of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi, and their nematode pathogenicity was proven through Koch’s postulates. Fungal treatments with N. gamsii and P. karssenii reduced by 32–31% M. hapla egg numbers per root system, respectively. Both treatments also significantly lowered the nematode reproduction rate (Rf value) when compared to the control. Both fungi affected the nematode root invasion by limiting penetration of M. hapla second-stage juveniles (J2) into tomato roots, 3 and 7 days after inoculation. The results showed a substantial effect of both fungi on inducing defence responses in tomato plants towards M. hapla. Pre-treatment with N. gamsii and P. karssenii led to the expression of different marker genes associated with pathogen response pathways, including salicylic and jasmonic acid/ethylene-regulated defensive. These findings suggest that N. gamsii and P. karssenii could prime the plant host for enhanced defence upon nematode attack.

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来源期刊
Journal of Pest Science
Journal of Pest Science 生物-昆虫学
CiteScore
10.40
自引率
8.30%
发文量
114
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Pest Science publishes high-quality papers on all aspects of pest science in agriculture, horticulture (including viticulture), forestry, urban pests, and stored products research, including health and safety issues. Journal of Pest Science reports on advances in control of pests and animal vectors of diseases, the biology, ethology and ecology of pests and their antagonists, and the use of other beneficial organisms in pest control. The journal covers all noxious or damaging groups of animals, including arthropods, nematodes, molluscs, and vertebrates. Journal of Pest Science devotes special attention to emerging and innovative pest control strategies, including the side effects of such approaches on non-target organisms, for example natural enemies and pollinators, and the implementation of these strategies in integrated pest management. Journal of Pest Science also publishes papers on the management of agro- and forest ecosystems where this is relevant to pest control. Papers on important methodological developments relevant for pest control will be considered as well.
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