{"title":"Facilitators and barriers to implementing smoke-free homes in Armenia: a qualitative study.","authors":"Arevik Torosyan, Lilit Grigoryan, Varduhi Hayrumyan, Zhanna Sargsyan, Palash Bhanot, Lillian Shaffer, Varduhi Petrosyan, Alexander Bazarchyan, Nour Alayan, Michelle C Kegler, Carla J Berg","doi":"10.1177/17579759251318728","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Smoke-free homes (SFHs) reduce secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe), which is particularly crucial where smoking prevalence is high and public smoke-free policies are nascent, as in some low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study examined perspectives regarding SFHs, including barriers and facilitators, among adults in Armenia, a LMIC with high male smoking prevalence and recently-implemented smoke-free policies. In February-March 2024, focus groups were conducted with adults reporting smoking and non-smoking, separately, in two Armenian communities (<i>n</i> = 39; <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 41.00, 46.2% female, 61.5% married, 74.4% children in household). Data were examined using thematic analysis. All participants reporting smoking (<i>n</i> = 18) were male, non-smoking participants (<i>n</i> = 21) were primarily (87.5%) female, 53.8% had no SFH restrictions and 12.8% partial. Commonly, smoking was allowed for certain people (e.g. guests) or rooms/spaces (e.g. kitchen, balcony). Common SFH motives were health of children and vulnerable adults (e.g. pregnant women). Salient challenges included high male smoking rates paired with hierarchical gender roles. When asked about strategies to promote SFHs, many suggested leveraging children by involving them in a SFH intervention or emphasizing SHSe's impact on children. While some suggested empowering women as change agents, others suggested targeting men. It is crucial that SFH interventions for Armenian households address Armenia's specific characteristics, such as high male smoking rates and more hierarchical social dynamics. Effective SFH interventions for Armenia may serve as models for other countries with similar characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":46805,"journal":{"name":"Global Health Promotion","volume":" ","pages":"17579759251318728"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Global Health Promotion","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17579759251318728","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Smoke-free homes (SFHs) reduce secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe), which is particularly crucial where smoking prevalence is high and public smoke-free policies are nascent, as in some low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study examined perspectives regarding SFHs, including barriers and facilitators, among adults in Armenia, a LMIC with high male smoking prevalence and recently-implemented smoke-free policies. In February-March 2024, focus groups were conducted with adults reporting smoking and non-smoking, separately, in two Armenian communities (n = 39; Mage = 41.00, 46.2% female, 61.5% married, 74.4% children in household). Data were examined using thematic analysis. All participants reporting smoking (n = 18) were male, non-smoking participants (n = 21) were primarily (87.5%) female, 53.8% had no SFH restrictions and 12.8% partial. Commonly, smoking was allowed for certain people (e.g. guests) or rooms/spaces (e.g. kitchen, balcony). Common SFH motives were health of children and vulnerable adults (e.g. pregnant women). Salient challenges included high male smoking rates paired with hierarchical gender roles. When asked about strategies to promote SFHs, many suggested leveraging children by involving them in a SFH intervention or emphasizing SHSe's impact on children. While some suggested empowering women as change agents, others suggested targeting men. It is crucial that SFH interventions for Armenian households address Armenia's specific characteristics, such as high male smoking rates and more hierarchical social dynamics. Effective SFH interventions for Armenia may serve as models for other countries with similar characteristics.
期刊介绍:
The journal aims to: ·publish academic content and commentaries of practical importance; ·provide an international and interdisciplinary forum for the dissemination and exchange of health promotion, health education and public health theory, research findings, practice and reviews; ·publish articles which ensure wide geographical coverage and are of general interest to an international readership; ·provide fair, supportive, efficient and high quality peer review and editorial handling of all submissions.