Gengnianchun formula ameliorates insulin resistance-induced diminished ovarian reserve via the estrogen signaling pathway: evidence from network pharmacology and experimental validation.

IF 3.8 3区 医学 Q1 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY
Yanqiu Rao, Jun Li, Ting Xu, Lingyun Gao, Wenjun Wang
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), a major cause of female infertility, is closely linked to insulin resistance (IR). Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) approaches, such as the Gengnianchun (GNC) formula, focus on restoring ovarian function by improving IR and regulating hormonal balance. Despite GNC's demonstrated efficacy, its precise therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear.

Objective: This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which GNC ameliorates IR-induced DOR through comprehensive pharmacological and experimental validation.

Methods: The study combined Liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer (LC-MS), ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-TOF-MS/MS), network pharmacology, and molecular docking to identify active components and key therapeutic targets of GNC. Functional enrichment analyses (GO and KEGG) and molecular docking studies were performed. A high-fat diet-induced mouse model of IR-DOR was established, followed by GNC treatment at varying doses. Therapeutic effects were evaluated via qRT-PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, and histological analysis.

Results: GNC contains 219 active ingredients targeting 53 genes associated with IR-induced DOR. KEGG analysis revealed the estrogen signaling pathway as a key mechanism. High-dose GNC significantly improved IR and ovarian reserve by increasing AKT1, ESR1, and ESR2 expression, as confirmed by qRT-PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. These findings indicate that GNC enhances insulin sensitivity, promotes follicular development, and restores ovarian function.

Conclusions: This study demonstrates for the first time that GNC alleviates IR-induced DOR by modulating the estrogen signaling pathway and activating key molecular targets. These results provide a foundation for clinical research and the development of novel therapeutic strategies for DOR.

Clinical trial number: Not applicable.

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来源期刊
Journal of Ovarian Research
Journal of Ovarian Research REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY-
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
2.50%
发文量
125
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Ovarian Research is an open access, peer reviewed, online journal that aims to provide a forum for high-quality basic and clinical research on ovarian function, abnormalities, and cancer. The journal focuses on research that provides new insights into ovarian functions as well as prevention and treatment of diseases afflicting the organ. Topical areas include, but are not restricted to: Ovary development, hormone secretion and regulation Follicle growth and ovulation Infertility and Polycystic ovarian syndrome Regulation of pituitary and other biological functions by ovarian hormones Ovarian cancer, its prevention, diagnosis and treatment Drug development and screening Role of stem cells in ovary development and function.
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