{"title":"Characterization of fatty acid desaturase gene family in <i>Glycine max</i> and their expression patterns in seeds after <i>Fusarium fujikuroi</i> infection.","authors":"Xinyuan Li, Maira Munir, Weiying Zeng, Zudong Sun, Xiaoli Chang, Wenyu Yang","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1540003","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The family of membrane-bound fatty acid desaturase (<i>FAD</i>) genes play a vital role in plant growth, development, and stress responses. The seed-borne pathogen <i>Fusarium fujikuroi</i> causes seed decay disease during pre-harvest and post-harvest stages of soybean, leading to a significant reduction in yield and quality. Therefore, it is very meaningful to characterize the diversity and function of the <i>GmFAD</i> gene family in soybean and to elucidate their roles in seed resistance to <i>F. fujikuroi.</i></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, 30 full-length <i>GmFAD</i> genes were identified from the soybean genome. A range of analysis was conducted to characterize gene and protein structures, chromosomal locations, conserved motif and conserved structural domains, and results showed that <i>GmFAD</i> genes were clustered into seven subfamilies (<i>FAB2</i>, <i>ADS</i>, <i>SLD</i>, <i>DES</i>, <i>FAD6</i>, <i>FAD2</i>, <i>FAD3/7/8</i>), which is also supported by phylogenetic analysis. The diversity and expansion of the <i>GmFAD</i> gene family were mainly caused by segmental duplication, and their encoding proteins were observed to locate in chloroplast or endoplasmic reticulum. The promoters of <i>GmFAD</i> genes contained a set of cis-acting elements in response to plant hormone, defense and stress, light, and plant growth and development, indicating these genes have the complex expression regulation and diverse functions. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment pathway analyses showed that <i>GmFAD</i> genes were closely related to the biosynthesis and metabolism of lipid and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). In addition, the expression of <i>GmFADs</i> was significantly changed in soybean seeds when challenged by the seed decay pathogen <i>F. fujikuroi</i>. Specifically, <i>GmFAB2.1/2.2</i>, <i>GmFAD3.3/3-2B/7-1//8-2</i>, and <i>GmFAD2.3/2.5</i> genes displayed distinct temporal expression patterns in the resistant ND25 and susceptible CX12, highlighting their potential roles in soybean resistance against <i>F. fujikuroi</i> infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the <i>GmFAD</i> gene family and their intricate roles in soybean resistance against the seed-borne pathogen <i>F. fujikuroi</i>. Moreover, several distinct genes provide valuable candidates for further application in soybean resistant breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1540003"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893595/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Plant Science","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1540003","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PLANT SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: The family of membrane-bound fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes play a vital role in plant growth, development, and stress responses. The seed-borne pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi causes seed decay disease during pre-harvest and post-harvest stages of soybean, leading to a significant reduction in yield and quality. Therefore, it is very meaningful to characterize the diversity and function of the GmFAD gene family in soybean and to elucidate their roles in seed resistance to F. fujikuroi.
Results: In this study, 30 full-length GmFAD genes were identified from the soybean genome. A range of analysis was conducted to characterize gene and protein structures, chromosomal locations, conserved motif and conserved structural domains, and results showed that GmFAD genes were clustered into seven subfamilies (FAB2, ADS, SLD, DES, FAD6, FAD2, FAD3/7/8), which is also supported by phylogenetic analysis. The diversity and expansion of the GmFAD gene family were mainly caused by segmental duplication, and their encoding proteins were observed to locate in chloroplast or endoplasmic reticulum. The promoters of GmFAD genes contained a set of cis-acting elements in response to plant hormone, defense and stress, light, and plant growth and development, indicating these genes have the complex expression regulation and diverse functions. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment pathway analyses showed that GmFAD genes were closely related to the biosynthesis and metabolism of lipid and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). In addition, the expression of GmFADs was significantly changed in soybean seeds when challenged by the seed decay pathogen F. fujikuroi. Specifically, GmFAB2.1/2.2, GmFAD3.3/3-2B/7-1//8-2, and GmFAD2.3/2.5 genes displayed distinct temporal expression patterns in the resistant ND25 and susceptible CX12, highlighting their potential roles in soybean resistance against F. fujikuroi infection.
Conclusion: Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the GmFAD gene family and their intricate roles in soybean resistance against the seed-borne pathogen F. fujikuroi. Moreover, several distinct genes provide valuable candidates for further application in soybean resistant breeding.
期刊介绍：
In an ever changing world, plant science is of the utmost importance for securing the future well-being of humankind. Plants provide oxygen, food, feed, fibers, and building materials. In addition, they are a diverse source of industrial and pharmaceutical chemicals. Plants are centrally important to the health of ecosystems, and their understanding is critical for learning how to manage and maintain a sustainable biosphere. Plant science is extremely interdisciplinary, reaching from agricultural science to paleobotany, and molecular physiology to ecology. It uses the latest developments in computer science, optics, molecular biology and genomics to address challenges in model systems, agricultural crops, and ecosystems. Plant science research inquires into the form, function, development, diversity, reproduction, evolution and uses of both higher and lower plants and their interactions with other organisms throughout the biosphere. Frontiers in Plant Science welcomes outstanding contributions in any field of plant science from basic to applied research, from organismal to molecular studies, from single plant analysis to studies of populations and whole ecosystems, and from molecular to biophysical to computational approaches.
Frontiers in Plant Science publishes articles on the most outstanding discoveries across a wide research spectrum of Plant Science. The mission of Frontiers in Plant Science is to bring all relevant Plant Science areas together on a single platform.
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