A Comprehensive Review of Sustainable Geopolymer Concrete Using Palm Oil Clinker: Environmental and Engineering Aspects

IF 3.5 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Science & Engineering Pub Date : 2025-02-09 DOI:10.1002/ese3.1977

Khamees N. Abdulhaleem, Hussein M. Hamada, Ahmed I. Osman, Salim T. Yousif, Ali M. Humada, Ali Majdi

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Abstract

Amidst the dual challenges of aggregate scarcity and the environmental impact of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from cement production, this study investigates the viability of palm oil clinker (POC) as a sustainable aggregate in geopolymer concrete (GPC). The lack of appropriate alternative coarse and fine aggregates essential in concrete production is one of the critical issues faced by the construction industry. This review evaluates its environmental benefits, chemical and physical attributes, and influence on GPC's microstructure. Previous studies have shown that incorporating POC in GPC significantly reduces density from 2345 to 1821 kg/m³ while maintaining competitive compressive strength, thus proving its applicability in various structural and nonstructural contexts. Moreover, GPC with POC demonstrates enhanced resistance to aggressive environmental conditions such as water absorption and resistance against acid and sulfate environments. Geopolymer mortar (GPM) exposed to sulfate attack recorded the lowest decrease in strength than GPM containing POC fine aggregates by about 20%. The use of 100% POC aggregates in GPC mix has a 3.2% water absorption, which is lower than the limit for high-performance concrete. The results advocate for the development of POC-aggregate GPC as an environmentally friendly construction material, contributing to the sustainable advancement of the building industry.

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棕榈油熟料可持续地聚合物混凝土的综合综述：环境和工程方面

在骨料稀缺和水泥生产二氧化碳排放对环境影响的双重挑战下，本研究探讨了棕榈油熟料（POC）作为地聚合物混凝土（GPC）中可持续骨料的可行性。缺乏适当的替代粗、细骨料是混凝土生产中必不可少的，是建筑业面临的关键问题之一。本文综述了其环境效益、化学和物理特性以及对GPC微观结构的影响。先前的研究表明，在GPC中加入POC可将密度从2345降低到1821 kg/m3，同时保持竞争的抗压强度，从而证明其在各种结构和非结构环境中的适用性。此外，含有POC的GPC对恶劣环境条件（如吸水性和对酸和硫酸盐环境的抗性）的抵抗力增强。受硫酸盐侵蚀的地聚合物砂浆（GPM）的强度比含POC细集料的GPM降低了20%左右。在GPC混合料中使用100% POC骨料的吸水率为3.2%，低于高性能混凝土的极限。研究结果支持poc -骨料GPC作为一种环保建筑材料的发展，为建筑行业的可持续发展做出贡献。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Energy Science & Engineering Engineering-Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality

CiteScore

6.80

自引率

7.90%

发文量

298

审稿时长

11 weeks

期刊介绍： Energy Science & Engineering is a peer reviewed, open access journal dedicated to fundamental and applied research on energy and supply and use. Published as a co-operative venture of Wiley and SCI (Society of Chemical Industry), the journal offers authors a fast route to publication and the ability to share their research with the widest possible audience of scientists, professionals and other interested people across the globe. Securing an affordable and low carbon energy supply is a critical challenge of the 21st century and the solutions will require collaboration between scientists and engineers worldwide. This new journal aims to facilitate collaboration and spark innovation in energy research and development. Due to the importance of this topic to society and economic development the journal will give priority to quality research papers that are accessible to a broad readership and discuss sustainable, state-of-the art approaches to shaping the future of energy. This multidisciplinary journal will appeal to all researchers and professionals working in any area of energy in academia, industry or government, including scientists, engineers, consultants, policy-makers, government officials, economists and corporate organisations.