Field, experimental and numerical study for landslide mitigation in Himachal Pradesh, India: Case study

IF 3.7 2区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI:10.1007/s10064-025-04207-0

Ayush Kumar Tiwari, Eedy Sana, Ashutosh Kumar, Kala Venkata Uday

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Abstract

Landslides frequently disrupt road networks in the mountainous region of Himachal Pradesh, India causing traffic delays and disconnecting the supplies of essential commodities within the affected regions. Therefore, it is essential to establish a comprehensive investigation mechanism to identify the triggering factors and develop effective mitigation strategies through well-defined design protocols. This paper presents a detailed investigation on a shallow landslide that destroyed newly built bridge and blocked rural road connectivity of 14 villages to Mandi town of Himachal Pradesh, India on 14th August 2020. We analyzed geophysical, geotechnical, geological and hydrological data to better understand the characteristics of the landslide. This provided the basis of suggesting suitable mitigation measures based on two-dimensional finite element-based numerical modelling. The results obtained revealed that the anthropogenic activity was the primary cause of the landslide with excessive rainfall acted as the triggering factor. Weak layers and discontinuities in the slope materials and soil conditions increased the landslide risk. The results of numerical modelling suggested that the slope had low safety factors under saturated conditions indicating the importance of water table location in changing the effective stress regime within the soil. Mitigation measures were proposed that included grouted soil nails indicating the factor of safety more than 1 for all the possible loading scenario. The findings of this study provide a comprehensive understanding of landslide characteristics and necessary procedure for mitigating slopes in the Himalayan region. The study can assist in developing effective strategies to reduce the occurrence and impact of landslides in the region.

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来源期刊

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 工程技术-地球科学综合

CiteScore

7.10

自引率

11.90%

发文量

445

审稿时长

4.1 months

期刊介绍： Engineering geology is defined in the statutes of the IAEG as the science devoted to the investigation, study and solution of engineering and environmental problems which may arise as the result of the interaction between geology and the works or activities of man, as well as of the prediction of and development of measures for the prevention or remediation of geological hazards. Engineering geology embraces: • the applications/implications of the geomorphology, structural geology, and hydrogeological conditions of geological formations; • the characterisation of the mineralogical, physico-geomechanical, chemical and hydraulic properties of all earth materials involved in construction, resource recovery and environmental change; • the assessment of the mechanical and hydrological behaviour of soil and rock masses; • the prediction of changes to the above properties with time; • the determination of the parameters to be considered in the stability analysis of engineering works and earth masses.