Untangling the influence of intrinsic parameters in magnetic and ferroelectric properties of CoFe2-xGdxO4 system and its suitability for magnetoelectric applications

IF 5.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Research Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-03-02 DOI:10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113410

R S Arun Raj , Aruna Joseph , Rabindra Nath Bhowmik , Aravind Puthirath Balan , Lija K Joy

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Abstract

Room temperature magnetic, ferroelectric, and magnetoelectric properties of Gd³⁺ ion substituted CoFe₂O₄ (CoFe_2-xGd_xO₄, x = 0.00, 0.04, 0.08, and 0.10) have been investigated. Pristine and Gd substituted CoFe₂O₄ exhibit a ferrimagnetic nature with an enhanced saturation magnetization obtained at x = 0.04 Gd content. The increase of saturation magnetization with Gd substitution is due to the reduction of the spin canting angle, which has been quantized by the Yafet Kittel model. The intrinsic parameters controlling the magnetization are estimated using the Law of Approach to Saturation (LAS) formalism, and a negative magnetocrystalline anisotropy has been identified. Room temperature ferroelectric studies reveal that CoFe_2-xGd_xO₄ induces a weak ferroelectric behavior due to the spin canting and local asymmetry in octahedral-tetrahedral sites. The spontaneous polarization decreases with Gd substitution, and it is due to the impact of the degree of local asymmetry and pinning site concentration in the system. The P-E curve has been simulated by the modified Jiles Atherton's model, which gives an insight into the role of pinning site contribution to the spontaneous polarization of the CoFe_2-xGd_xO₄ system. A significant magnetoelectric coupling coefficient of about 18 mV/(cm.Oe) is obtained for x = 0.08 Gd substituted CoFe₂O₄, which is higher than the reported spinel ferrites. This enhanced ME effect is due to the canting of spins in octahedral and tetrahedral sublattices.

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揭示了内蕴参数对CoFe2-xGdxO4体系磁性和铁电性能的影响及其在磁电应用中的适用性

研究了Gd3+离子取代的CoFe2O4 （CoFe2-xGdxO4, x = 0.00, 0.04, 0.08和0.10）的室温磁性、铁电性和磁电性。原始CoFe2O4和Gd取代CoFe2O4表现出铁磁性，在x = 0.04 Gd含量时获得了增强的饱和磁化强度。Gd取代后饱和磁化强度的增加是由于自旋倾斜角的减小，该角已被Yafet Kittel模型量化。利用接近饱和定律（LAS）的形式估计了控制磁化强度的内在参数，并确定了负磁晶各向异性。室温铁电研究表明，由于CoFe2-xGdxO4在八面体-四面体位置的自旋倾斜和局部不对称性，导致了弱铁电行为。自发极化随Gd取代而降低，这是由于体系中局部不对称程度和钉钉位点浓度的影响。采用修正的Jiles Atherton模型模拟了P-E曲线，揭示了钉钉位点对CoFe2-xGdxO4体系自发极化的作用。x = 0.08 Gd取代CoFe2O4的磁电耦合系数约为18 mV/(cm.Oe)，高于已有报道的尖晶石铁氧体。这种增强的ME效应是由于在八面体和四面体亚晶格中旋转的倾斜。

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来源期刊

Materials Research Bulletin 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

9.80

自引率

5.60%

发文量

372

审稿时长

42 days

期刊介绍： Materials Research Bulletin is an international journal reporting high-impact research on processing-structure-property relationships in functional materials and nanomaterials with interesting electronic, magnetic, optical, thermal, mechanical or catalytic properties. Papers purely on thermodynamics or theoretical calculations (e.g., density functional theory) do not fall within the scope of the journal unless they also demonstrate a clear link to physical properties. Topics covered include functional materials (e.g., dielectrics, pyroelectrics, piezoelectrics, ferroelectrics, relaxors, thermoelectrics, etc.); electrochemistry and solid-state ionics (e.g., photovoltaics, batteries, sensors, and fuel cells); nanomaterials, graphene, and nanocomposites; luminescence and photocatalysis; crystal-structure and defect-structure analysis; novel electronics; non-crystalline solids; flexible electronics; protein-material interactions; and polymeric ion-exchange membranes.