Evaluation of magnetic teawaste-based biochar particles for removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions

IF 4.1 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Particuology Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI:10.1016/j.partic.2025.02.007

Matthew Ervine, Chirangano Mangwandi

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Abstract

The Response Surface Methodology (RSM), specifically the face-centred central design, was employed to determine the optimal pyrolysis conditions for producing magnetic biochar from teawaste with the highest capacity for removing cadmium (Cd²⁺) ions. Several process conditions were investigated, including pyrolysis temperature (200, 350, 500 °C), duration of pyrolysis (2, 3, 4 h), and the concentration of iron chloride added (0.02, 0.05, 0.09 g/g). The sample obtained through pyrolysis at a temperature of 200 °C for a duration of 4 h with an iron chloride concentration of 0.09 g/g exhibited the highest removal efficiency of 80% for Cd²⁺. Results show that the magnetic teawaste biochar (MTWBC) possessed a maximum Langmuir capacity of 7.23 mmol/g at 298 K. The experimental data obtained for the three temperatures studied were best described by the Freundlich isotherm model. As for the kinetics of the experiment, the Modified Freundlich Kinetic model provided the most accurate fit. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) analysis conducted on the MTWBC samples, both before and after adsorption, demonstrated that the removal of Cd²⁺ by MTWBC involved chemisorption, which engaged specific functional groups present on the surface of MTWBC. Overall, these results highlight the promising potential of MTWBC as an economically viable bio-adsorbent for the removal of cadmium from contaminated water sources.

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磁性茶渣基生物炭颗粒去除水溶液中镉的评价

采用响应面法（RSM）确定了以茶叶废弃物为原料制备磁性生物炭的最佳热解条件，确定了磁性生物炭去除镉（Cd2+）的最佳条件。研究了热解温度（200、350、500℃）、热解时间（2、3、4 h）和氯化铁添加浓度（0.02、0.05、0.09 g/g）等工艺条件。在温度为200℃、氯化铁浓度为0.09 g/g、热解时间为4 h的条件下，样品对Cd2+的去除率最高，达到80%。结果表明，在298 K条件下，磁性茶废生物炭（MTWBC）的最大朗缪尔容量为7.23 mmol/g。所研究的三个温度的实验数据最好用Freundlich等温线模型来描述。对于实验动力学，修正Freundlich动力学模型拟合最准确。对吸附前后的MTWBC样品进行傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）分析表明，MTWBC对Cd2+的去除涉及化学吸附，化学吸附涉及MTWBC表面存在的特定官能团。总的来说，这些结果突出了MTWBC作为一种经济可行的生物吸附剂从污染水源中去除镉的潜力。

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来源期刊

Particuology 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

6.70

自引率

2.90%

发文量

1730

审稿时长

32 days

期刊介绍： The word ‘particuology’ was coined to parallel the discipline for the science and technology of particles. Particuology is an interdisciplinary journal that publishes frontier research articles and critical reviews on the discovery, formulation and engineering of particulate materials, processes and systems. It especially welcomes contributions utilising advanced theoretical, modelling and measurement methods to enable the discovery and creation of new particulate materials, and the manufacturing of functional particulate-based products, such as sensors. Papers are handled by Thematic Editors who oversee contributions from specific subject fields. These fields are classified into: Particle Synthesis and Modification; Particle Characterization and Measurement; Granular Systems and Bulk Solids Technology; Fluidization and Particle-Fluid Systems; Aerosols; and Applications of Particle Technology. Key topics concerning the creation and processing of particulates include: -Modelling and simulation of particle formation, collective behaviour of particles and systems for particle production over a broad spectrum of length scales -Mining of experimental data for particle synthesis and surface properties to facilitate the creation of new materials and processes -Particle design and preparation including controlled response and sensing functionalities in formation, delivery systems and biological systems, etc. -Experimental and computational methods for visualization and analysis of particulate system. These topics are broadly relevant to the production of materials, pharmaceuticals and food, and to the conversion of energy resources to fuels and protection of the environment.