Carbon production at shallow-water artificial reef ecosystems relies on water column primary productivity

IF 3.8 1区 地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY
Traci Erin Cox, Kelly S. Boyle, Mark A. Albins, Sean P. Powers, Just Cebrian
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Abstract

The attraction-production continuum in fishery management centers on the extent to which artificial reefs increase fish production or whether they simply redistribute fish. Reef systems could produce carbon to support growth of higher trophic levels. Therefore, we aimed to understand carbon flows at lower trophic levels on shallow-water (11 m) artificial reefs within a region which hosts an extensive artificial reef network. We described benthic communities and quantified changes in oxygen content within in situ enclosures to assess reef, sediment, and water-column community metabolism. We tested spatial and temporal differences in metrics by repeatedly sampling at three sites across two seasons for 2 yrs. Suspension feeders were abundant on reef surfaces and these communities were often heterotrophic. In sediments, lancelets, amphipods, and bivalves were scarcer adjacent to the reef (2 m) and more numerous 20 m away. Infauna communities at adjacent reefs were significantly dissimilar, suggesting biotic (e.g., predation) and, or abiotic (e.g., sand scour) conditions cause large differences in infauna communities near reefs. Sediment and water-column communities were mostly autotrophic and net productivity did not consistently increase or decrease with distance from the reef. Metabolic metrics were often best explained by temporal intervals and site. The integrated system was autotrophic in 9 out of 11 instances where reef, sediment, and water-column contributed −0.46 to 0.27, −14.8 to 66.8, and 33.5% to 91.4% respectively to net system productivity. When planning artificial reef deployment projects with heterotrophic reefs, managers should ensure ample water-column space is provisioned to support them trophically.

浅水人工礁生态系统的碳产量依赖于水柱初级生产力
渔业管理中的吸引-生产连续体集中在人工鱼礁增加鱼类产量的程度或它们是否只是重新分配鱼类。珊瑚礁系统可以产生碳来支持更高营养水平的生长。因此,我们旨在了解一个拥有广泛人工鱼礁网络的区域内浅水(11米)人工鱼礁较低营养水平的碳流。我们描述了底栖生物群落,并量化了原位围栏内氧含量的变化,以评估珊瑚礁、沉积物和水体群落的代谢。我们通过在两个季节的三个地点重复采样来测试指标的时空差异。悬浮食饵在珊瑚礁表面丰富,这些群落往往是异养的。在沉积物中,鳃小类、片脚类和双壳类在靠近礁体(2 m)处较少,而在离礁体20 m处较多。邻近珊瑚礁的动物群落差异显著,表明生物(如捕食)和非生物(如沙冲刷)条件导致了珊瑚礁附近动物群落的巨大差异。沉积物和水柱群落大多自养,净生产力不随距离珊瑚礁的远近而增加或减少。代谢指标通常最好用时间间隔和地点来解释。在珊瑚礁、沉积物和水体分别对净系统生产力贡献- 0.46 ~ 0.27、- 14.8 ~ 66.8和33.5% ~ 91.4%的11个实例中,综合系统有9个是自养的。在规划异养珊瑚礁的人工珊瑚礁部署项目时,管理人员应确保提供充足的水柱空间以支持它们的营养。
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来源期刊
Limnology and Oceanography
Limnology and Oceanography 地学-海洋学
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
6.70%
发文量
254
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Limnology and Oceanography (L&O; print ISSN 0024-3590, online ISSN 1939-5590) publishes original articles, including scholarly reviews, about all aspects of limnology and oceanography. The journal''s unifying theme is the understanding of aquatic systems. Submissions are judged on the originality of their data, interpretations, and ideas, and on the degree to which they can be generalized beyond the particular aquatic system examined. Laboratory and modeling studies must demonstrate relevance to field environments; typically this means that they are bolstered by substantial "real-world" data. Few purely theoretical or purely empirical papers are accepted for review.
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