[Stress-Strain-Recovery-Resilience: how do all these fit together?]

Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-10 DOI:10.1007/s00108-025-01872-x
Thomas Uhlig
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Abstract

From a psychological point of view resilience is closely related to aspects of stress. As a further development of the classical stress model, the skills of individuals are described in the context of psychological resource models which enable an appropriate coping with situations that trigger stress. These differential aspects of the stress reaction are frequently highlighted in the literature on psychology. Based on a sophisticated description of stressors (i.e., environmental stimuli which are able to induce stress) characters of a person, such as personality, age, gender and strategies of coping are responsible for the expression of the stress response. The individual "translation" of the effects of stressors into a (stress) response is mediated by various somatic systems and aspects of emotionality. At the different levels of the stress reaction restoration processes occur which are helpful in modifying the potentially harmful effects of stressors and a homeostasis is restored. These restoration processes can be systematically described as a buffer function for the extent of a stress reaction and can be influenced in a targeted way. Therefore, the term resilience which has been used for some time appears to be a type of metaphor for psychological processes which have been known for a long time in the context of psychological research on stress and recovery.

应力-应变-恢复-弹性:这些是如何结合在一起的?]
从心理学的角度来看,弹性与压力的各个方面密切相关。作为经典压力模型的进一步发展,个体的技能是在心理资源模型的背景下描述的,它能够适当地应对触发压力的情况。心理学文献经常强调压力反应的这些不同方面。基于对压力源(即能够诱发压力的环境刺激)的复杂描述,一个人的性格、年龄、性别和应对策略等特征负责应激反应的表达。个体将压力源的影响“翻译”为(压力)反应是由各种躯体系统和情绪方面介导的。在不同的应激反应水平上发生的恢复过程有助于改变应激源的潜在有害影响,并恢复体内平衡。这些恢复过程可以系统地描述为应激反应程度的缓冲功能,并且可以有针对性地影响。因此,使用了一段时间的弹性一词似乎是一种心理过程的隐喻,这种心理过程在压力和恢复的心理学研究中已经存在了很长时间。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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