Plant–soil feedbacks contribute to coexistence when considering multispecies assemblages over a soil depth gradient

IF 4.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY
Ecology Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI:10.1002/ecy.70052
Carlos Martorell, Alejandra Martínez-Blancas
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Plant–soil feedbacks (PSFs) may determine plant–species coexistence. They may stabilize coexistence, but frequently destabilize it by increasing fitness differences between species. Most studies focus on pairwise models in greenhouses. Thus, whether PSFs favor or deter coexistence is still unclear, especially in multispecies field contexts. We analyzed pairwise and multispecies coexistence over a hydric gradient in a semiarid grassland. Using PSF strength estimates between 17 species, we measured stability and fitness differences between all species pairs, and built all possible multispecies communities to test computationally whether they were stabilized by PSFs. We analyzed whether coexistence probability diminishes with species richness, as previously hypothesized. Because PSFs change with environmental conditions, we investigated their contribution to overall diversity maintenance over the hydric gradient. Strong PSF increased fitness differences, hindering pairwise coexistence. As expected, the probability that an assemblage was stable diminished with its richness, with the largest stable community containing 12 of the 17 species. However, all species coexisted with others in at least one assemblage, highlighting the importance of multispecies analyses. Positive PSFs promoted coexistence in pairwise analyses, but were associated with species-poor communities. Contrastingly, negative PSFs predominated in species-rich associations, perhaps due to indirect positive interactions (an “enemy of my enemy is my friend” scenario) that are known to maintain diversity in this grassland. Changes in the density of different species over the hydric gradient predicted from PSF-stabilized communities matched observations in nature. This seems to promote species turnover and thus coexistence along the gradient. As such, the interplay between environmental conditions and PSFs may be an important driver of diversity. Our results emphasize the need to move beyond pairwise coexistence models. In multispecies systems, crucial indirect interactions may arise. The interplay between environment and PSF under field conditions may provide important insights into coexistence in nature.

Abstract Image

当考虑在土壤深度梯度上的多物种组合时,植物-土壤反馈有助于共存
植物-土壤反馈(PSFs)可能决定植物-物种的共存。它们可以稳定共存,但往往会增加物种之间的适应差异,从而破坏共存。大多数研究集中在温室的两两模型上。因此,psf是否有利于或阻碍共存尚不清楚,特别是在多物种领域的背景下。我们分析了半干旱草原在一个水文梯度上的两两和多物种共存。利用17个物种间的PSF强度估计值,我们测量了所有物种对之间的稳定性和适应度差异,并建立了所有可能的多物种群落,以计算测试它们是否被PSF稳定。我们分析了共存概率是否像之前假设的那样随着物种丰富度的增加而降低。由于psf随环境条件的变化而变化,我们研究了它们在水文梯度上对总体多样性维持的贡献。强PSF增加了适应度差异,阻碍了两两共存。正如预期的那样,群落稳定的可能性随着丰富度的增加而降低,最大的稳定群落包含17种中的12种。然而,所有物种至少在一个组合中与其他物种共存,突出了多物种分析的重要性。在两两分析中,阳性psf促进共存,但与物种贫乏群落相关。相反,在物种丰富的群落中,负的psf占主导地位,这可能是由于间接的积极相互作用(“我的敌人的敌人是我的朋友”的情景),这是维持该草原多样性的已知因素。从psf稳定群落中预测的不同物种密度随水分梯度的变化与自然界的观测结果相吻合。这似乎促进了物种的更替,从而促进了沿梯度的共存。因此,环境条件与PSFs之间的相互作用可能是多样性的重要驱动因素。我们的结果强调需要超越成对共存模型。在多物种系统中,可能会出现关键的间接相互作用。在野外条件下,环境与PSF之间的相互作用可能为自然界的共存提供重要的见解。
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来源期刊
Ecology
Ecology 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
8.30
自引率
2.10%
发文量
332
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Ecology publishes articles that report on the basic elements of ecological research. Emphasis is placed on concise, clear articles documenting important ecological phenomena. The journal publishes a broad array of research that includes a rapidly expanding envelope of subject matter, techniques, approaches, and concepts: paleoecology through present-day phenomena; evolutionary, population, physiological, community, and ecosystem ecology, as well as biogeochemistry; inclusive of descriptive, comparative, experimental, mathematical, statistical, and interdisciplinary approaches.
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