Effects of Upstream Drivers on Magnetic Topology at Venus

IF 2.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
Shaosui Xu, Rudy A. Frahm, Yingjuan Ma, Janet G. Luhmann, David L. Mitchell, Moa Persson, Robin Ramstad
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Abstract

Although Venus appears to present a predominantly ionospheric obstacle to the solar wind, the magnetic connectivity between the solar wind and the Venus ionosphere, or magnetic topology, is important for characterizing the Venus space environment. In particular, magnetic connectivity is relevant to the magnetization state of the ionosphere, particle precipitation into the atmosphere causing ionization and auroral emissions, and planetary ion escape at Venus. The spatial distributions of different magnetic topologies were statistically analyzed, with some unexpected results. Here, we build on those results by investigating how the external factors of solar cycle phase and upstream conditions affect the occurrence rates of the three magnetic topologies and consider their implications regarding the state of Venus's induced magnetosphere. We find that both the solar cycle phase and upstream dynamic pressure variations control its expansion or contraction. Under solar minimum conditions, the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) more deeply penetrates into the collisional atmosphere, increasing the occurrence rates of open and closed topologies at low altitudes and in Venus's wake. We also find hemispheric differences in the occurrences of dayside-connected and nightside-connected open fields, likely related to mass loading of the near-Venus plasma environment by planetary pickup ions.

虽然金星似乎对太阳风构成了主要的电离层障碍,但太阳风与金星电离层之间的磁连通性(或称磁拓扑)对于描述金星空间环境的特征非常重要。特别是,磁连通性与电离层的磁化状态、粒子析出到大气层导致电离和极光辐射以及金星的行星离子逸出有关。我们对不同磁拓扑结构的空间分布进行了统计分析,得出了一些意想不到的结果。在此基础上,我们研究了太阳周期相位和上游条件等外部因素如何影响三种磁拓扑的出现率,并考虑了它们对金星诱导磁层状态的影响。我们发现,太阳周期相位和上游动压变化都会控制其膨胀或收缩。在太阳最小值条件下,行星际磁场(IMF)会更深地渗透到碰撞大气中,从而增加低空和金星尾流中开放拓扑和封闭拓扑的出现率。我们还发现,日侧连接和夜侧连接开场的出现率存在半球差异,这可能与行星拾取离子对金星附近等离子环境的质量负荷有关。
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来源期刊
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Earth and Planetary Sciences-Geophysics
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
35.70%
发文量
570
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