Synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles and their efficiency in automotive radiator heat transfer systems

IF 4.5 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI:10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120887

Bahram Keyvani , Reza Aghayari , Farideh Yosefi , Davood Toghraie , Soheil Salahshour

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Enhancing heat transfer in automotive radiators is a matter of concern in the automotive industry. Accordingly, the role of using oxide nanoparticles in various heat exchangers has been extensively studied. However, fewer studies addressed the role of these nanoparticles in radiators. In the present study, copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by recycling the spent batteries as copper-rich sources, which is a rather inexpensive and environmentally friendly method of preventing electronic waste production. Subsequently, a homemade single-tube heat exchanger apparatus was designed to perform a series of nanofluid heat transfer experiments using the response surface methodology. The performance of copper oxide nanofluid heat transfer effects was investigated using varying Reynolds numbers in the range of 2000 to 12,000, volume fractions in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 %, and inlet temperature of the nanofluid between 30 and 40 °C. The results indicated that the Nusselt number increases with the enhancement of nanoparticle concentration, Reynolds number, and temperature. The optimal Nusselt number of 123.4 was observed at a temperature of 40 °C, volume concentration of 0.3 %, and Reynolds number of 12,000. The quadratic model demonstrated the best correlation for the Nusselt number, with mean squared error, root mean squared error, and correlation coefficient values of 3.589, 1.894, and 0.9901, respectively. Under such conditions, a satisfactory fit between the experimental data and the proposed relationship was achieved with deviation in the range of +2.1051 and − 2.8369. The corresponding maximum positive and negative errors were 8.0895 and − 10.6169, respectively. The obtained results confirm that the proposed method is not only cost-effective but is also advantageous from environmental considerations.

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来源期刊

Powder Technology 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

9.90

自引率

15.40%

发文量

1047

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Powder Technology is an International Journal on the Science and Technology of Wet and Dry Particulate Systems. Powder Technology publishes papers on all aspects of the formation of particles and their characterisation and on the study of systems containing particulate solids. No limitation is imposed on the size of the particles, which may range from nanometre scale, as in pigments or aerosols, to that of mined or quarried materials. The following list of topics is not intended to be comprehensive, but rather to indicate typical subjects which fall within the scope of the journal's interests: Formation and synthesis of particles by precipitation and other methods. Modification of particles by agglomeration, coating, comminution and attrition. Characterisation of the size, shape, surface area, pore structure and strength of particles and agglomerates (including the origins and effects of inter particle forces). Packing, failure, flow and permeability of assemblies of particles. Particle-particle interactions and suspension rheology. Handling and processing operations such as slurry flow, fluidization, pneumatic conveying. Interactions between particles and their environment, including delivery of particulate products to the body. Applications of particle technology in production of pharmaceuticals, chemicals, foods, pigments, structural, and functional materials and in environmental and energy related matters. For materials-oriented contributions we are looking for articles revealing the effect of particle/powder characteristics (size, morphology and composition, in that order) on material performance or functionality and, ideally, comparison to any industrial standard.