Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to iron deficiency anemia and probiotics among adolescent girls in Anantapur, India: A QIDAP-guided cross-sectional study

Food and Humanity Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI:10.1016/j.foohum.2025.100551

Sparsh Sumnirom Subba , Sumana Araveti

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Abstract

Objective

The study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of adolescent girls regarding Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) and probiotics. The Questionnaire on Iron Deficiency Anemia and Probiotics (QIDAP) was developed for data collection.

Study Design

A cross-sectional study was conducted using a cluster random sampling method. The QIDAP was validated and assessed for reliability through expert reviews and discussions, a pilot study, and factor analysis.

Participants

404 adolescent girls between 14–19 years of age from schools and colleges in Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, India were selected.

Main outcome measures

KAP related to IDA and probiotics in a population that had not received intervention or education previously on these topics were measured.

Analysis

Qualitative analysis using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, and one-way ANOVA was done. Inferential statistics, including the Kruskal-Wallis H test and Pearson correlation analysis, were conducted to explore relationships between variables.

Results

Significant knowledge gaps were identified among participants. 57.43 % of the participants were unaware of the term “IDA” and 51.98 % were unfamiliar with “probiotics.” Strong positive correlations (r = 0.611) and (r = 0.571) indicated that better knowledge and positive attitudes are linked to healthier practices. Additionally, socioeconomic factors, such as age, location, access to education, maternal education, and parental employment status, were significantly associated with knowledge scores for both IDA and probiotics (p < 0.05).

Conclusions and implications

The study revealed low knowledge levels on IDA and probiotics among adolescent girls of Anantapur, India, highlighting the urgent need for targeted interventions. Structured nutrition education, community engagement, and school-based programs should be implemented to enhance awareness and foster positive dietary behaviors. Incorporating probiotics into public health strategies alongside iron-rich diets can provide a comprehensive approach to addressing IDA.

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印度阿南塔普尔少女对缺铁性贫血和益生菌的认识、态度和做法：一项由 QIDAP 指导的横断面研究

目的了解青春期少女对缺铁性贫血（IDA）和益生菌的知识、态度和行为（KAP）。编制《缺铁性贫血与益生菌调查问卷》（QIDAP）进行数据收集。研究设计采用整群随机抽样方法进行横断面研究。通过专家评审和讨论、试点研究和因素分析，对QIDAP的可靠性进行了验证和评估。参与者是来自印度安得拉邦安纳塔普尔地区的学校和大学的404名14-19岁的少女。主要结果测量：在未接受干预或教育的人群中测量与IDA和益生菌相关的kap。定性分析采用描述性统计、独立样本t检验和单因素方差分析。推论统计包括Kruskal-Wallis H检验和Pearson相关分析来探讨变量之间的关系。结果参与者之间存在显著的知识差距。57.43 %的参与者不知道“IDA”一词，51.98 %的参与者不熟悉“益生菌”。强正相关（r = 0.611）和（r = 0.571）表明，更好的知识和积极的态度与更健康的行为有关。此外，社会经济因素，如年龄、地点、受教育程度、母亲教育程度和父母就业状况，与IDA和益生菌知识得分显著相关（p <； 0.05）。结论和意义该研究揭示了印度Anantapur的青春期女孩对IDA和益生菌的认知水平较低，强调了有针对性干预措施的迫切需要。应实施有组织的营养教育、社区参与和以学校为基础的项目，以提高认识并培养积极的饮食行为。将益生菌与富含铁的饮食一起纳入公共卫生战略，可以提供解决IDA问题的综合方法。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Food and Humanity

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