Enhanced performance in GaAs-based hybrid solar cells using response surface methodology-optimized moth-eye ETFE coating

Abstract

Light reflection at the surface of solar cells (SCs) significantly limits their efficiency by reducing the amount of incident light available for energy conversion. This study introduces a novel anti-reflective, moisture-resistant ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) film with a moth-eye nanostructure as both an encapsulation layer and anti-reflective coating for GaAs-based hybrid solar cells. Employing response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize nanostructural parameters, a minimum average reflectance of 6.7 % across a broad spectrum (300–900 nm) and a peak power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.97 % in the simulation were achieved. Fabricated using nanoimprint lithography (NIL), the ETFE film improved the PCE to 14.60 % and enhanced stability, maintaining 79 % of initial efficiency after 7 days in moderate humidity (66 % RH). This dual-functional design addresses both optical and environmental challenges in hybrid solar cells. The preliminary humidity resistance and scalable fabrication suggest its potential, though long-term durability requires further validation.