Enhancing the immobilization efficiency of mercapto-palygorskite on soil Cd through earthworm addition: Cd fractions, soil aggregates, and bacterial community

IF 4.8 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI:10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106024

Yale Wang , Kaihui Hou , Junxiao Jiang , Xu Gao , Yingming Xu , Yali Wang , Chunhong Xu , Liping Li , Xuefeng Liang , Gaoling Shi

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Abstract

Mercapto-palygorskite (MP) has gained extensive attention due to its ability to immobilize cadmium (Cd) in calcareous soils. However, its immobilization efficiency is affected by soil organisms, and its hazardous effects on soil fauna in Cd-contaminated soils remain poorly understood. The individual and combined effects of MP and earthworms (Eisenia fetida) on Cd fractions, soil aggregates, bacterial communities, and Cd in earthworms were investigated in heavily Cd-contaminated soil (total Cd: 27.96 ± 1.19 mg/kg) for 28 d. The results revealed that MP application exerted no effect on soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), or soil aggregates, and it decreased soil available Cd concentration by converting the exchangeable Cd fraction to stable fractions, with the highest immobilization efficiency of 40.25 %. Earthworm activity is beneficial for the synthesis of >2 mm aggregates, increases the grain size fraction metal loading of >2 mm aggregates, and changes the composition and function of bacterial communities, ultimately increasing the soil exchangeable Cd fraction by 4 %. The co-cultivation of MP and earthworms decreased the soil pH by 0.28–0.30, increased the soil EC by 72.24–98.55 %, and increased the immobilization efficiency of MP on soil Cd by 2.77–12.42 %. Furthermore, 0.2 % MP significantly decreased the Cd concentration in earthworms by 30.96–42.21 % and exerted no effect on the fresh weight of earthworms. Overall, MP and earthworms exerted opposing effects on soil Cd bioavailability individually. Earthworm activity positively affected soil aggregates and MP function, whereas MP decreased Cd accumulation in earthworms.

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蚯蚓对土壤Cd的固定作用：Cd组分、土壤团聚体和细菌群落

巯基坡缕石（MP）因其在钙质土壤中固定镉（Cd）的能力而受到广泛关注。然而，在镉污染的土壤中，其固定化效率受土壤生物的影响，对土壤动物的危害作用尚不清楚。在重度Cd污染土壤(总Cd：（27.96±1.19 mg/kg），施用28 d。结果表明，MP对土壤pH、电导率和团聚体均无影响，并通过将可交换Cd组分转化为稳定Cd组分，降低了土壤有效Cd浓度，最高固定化效率为40.25%。蚯蚓活动有利于2 mm团聚体的合成，增加了2 mm团聚体的粒度组分金属负荷，并改变了细菌群落的组成和功能，最终使土壤可交换性Cd分数提高了4%。MP与蚯蚓共耕可使土壤pH降低0.28 ~ 0.30，土壤EC提高72.24 ~ 98.55%，MP对土壤Cd的固定化效率提高2.77 ~ 12.42%。此外，0.2% MP显著降低了蚯蚓体内Cd浓度30.96 ~ 42.21%，对蚯蚓鲜重没有影响。总体而言，MP和蚯蚓对土壤Cd生物有效性的影响相反。蚯蚓活动对土壤团聚体和MP功能有积极影响，而MP降低了蚯蚓对Cd的积累。

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来源期刊

Applied Soil Ecology 农林科学-土壤科学

CiteScore

9.70

自引率

4.20%

发文量

363

审稿时长

5.3 months

期刊介绍： Applied Soil Ecology addresses the role of soil organisms and their interactions in relation to: sustainability and productivity, nutrient cycling and other soil processes, the maintenance of soil functions, the impact of human activities on soil ecosystems and bio(techno)logical control of soil-inhabiting pests, diseases and weeds.