Population-Based Normative Reference for Retinal Microvascular Atlas

IF 3.2 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Ophthalmology science Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI:10.1016/j.xops.2025.100723

Mayinuer Yusufu MTI , Algis J. Vingrys PhD , Xianwen Shang PhD , Lei Zhang PhD , Danli Shi PhD, MD , Nathan Congdon PhD, MD , Mingguang He PhD, MD

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Abstract

Objective

To establish the normative range of a comprehensive set of retinal vascular measurements to better understand their value as biomarkers for assessing ocular and systemic health.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Participants

The study included 10 151 healthy participants from the UK Biobank.

Methods

Retina-based Microvascular Health Assessment System software was used to extract retinal vascular measurements, including caliber, complexity, density, branching angle, and tortuosity, differentiating between arteries and veins and between the macula and retinal periphery. In addition, we explored relationships between those measurements and health metrics, including age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, and intraocular pressure.

Main Outcome Measures

We reported the population normative range for 114 retinal vascular measurements, further stratified by sex and age.

Results

The mean values of central retinal artery equivalent and central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE) were 152 (standard deviation = 14.9) μm and 233 (21.5) μm, respectively. The mean value of fractal dimension (FD) was 1.77 (0.032), with arterial FD 1.53 (0.039) and venular FD 1.56 (0.025). Age and SBP showed the strongest associations with most retinal parameters among health metrics. Central retinal artery equivalent, CRVE, density, and complexity decreased with increasing age and SBP. Changes in arterial measurements with age and SBP were generally greater than those in venous measurements. Generalized additive models further revealed that observed associations were mainly linear.

Conclusions

By establishing population normative data for a comprehensive set of retinal vascular measurements, our study enables quantifiable approaches to better understand retinal vascular changes.

Financial Disclosure(s)

Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

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基于人群的视网膜微血管图谱规范参考

目的建立一套全面的视网膜血管测量的规范范围，以更好地了解其作为评估眼部和全身健康的生物标志物的价值。DesignCross-sectional研究。参与者这项研究包括来自英国生物银行的10151名健康参与者。方法采用视网膜微血管健康评估系统软件提取视网膜血管测量数据，包括血管直径、复杂性、密度、分支角度、弯曲度、动脉与静脉、黄斑与视网膜周围的区分。此外，我们探讨了这些测量与健康指标之间的关系，包括年龄、收缩压（SBP）、体重指数、糖化血红蛋白和眼压。我们报告了114项视网膜血管测量的人群标准范围，并进一步按性别和年龄分层。结果视网膜中央动脉当量和视网膜中央静脉当量（CRVE）的平均值分别为152 μm（标准差为14.9）和233 μm（21.5）。分形维数（FD）均值为1.77(0.032)，其中动脉FD均值为1.53(0.039)，静脉FD均值为1.56（0.025）。在健康指标中，年龄和收缩压与大多数视网膜参数的相关性最强。视网膜中央动脉当量、CRVE、密度和复杂性随年龄和收缩压的增加而降低。动脉测量随年龄和收缩压的变化通常大于静脉测量。广义加性模型进一步揭示了观测到的关联主要是线性的。通过建立一套全面的视网膜血管测量的人群规范数据，我们的研究使量化方法能够更好地了解视网膜血管的变化。财务披露专有或商业披露可在本文末尾的脚注和披露中找到。

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